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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">323</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2019-9-2-21-29</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Optimization of the pre-analytical stage of material processing for histochemical examination of skeletal muscle biopsies in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оптимизация преаналитического этапа обработки материала для проведения гистохимического исследования биоптатов скелетной мышцы в диагностике нервно-мышечных заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3207-5253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sycheva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 30, 6–8 L’va Tolstogo Str., Saint Petersburg197022, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8, корп. 30</p></bio><email>ussanas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-8790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 28, 6–8 L’va Tolstogo Str., Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8, корп. 28</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 28, 6–8 L’va Tolstogo Str., Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8, корп. 28</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбакова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 30, 6–8 L’va Tolstogo Str., Saint Petersburg197022, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8, корп. 30</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-1007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Uchebny Lane, Saint Petersburg 194354, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 194354 Санкт-Петербург, пер. Учебный, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Pathological Anatomy with Pathoanatomical Unit of Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кафедра патологической анатомии с патологоанатомическим отделением Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. акад. И. П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Diagnostic of Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Лаборатория диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. акад. И. П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Saint Petersburg Department of Health “City Multi-Field Hospital № 2” of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Городская многопрофильная больница № 2»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Sycheva A.M., Nazarova V.D., Lapin S.V., Rybakova M.G., Rudenko D.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Сычева А.М., Назаров В.Д., Лапин С.В., Рыбакова М.Г., Руденко Д.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sycheva A.M., Nazarova V.D., Lapin S.V., Rybakova M.G., Rudenko D.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сычева А.М., Назаров В.Д., Лапин С.В., Рыбакова М.Г., Руденко Д.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/323">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/323</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases is complicated by the variety of clinical manifestations and requires the use of additional methods, an important place among which is the pathomorphological study of skeletal muscle biopsy. Despite the fact that the procedure for taking a muscle biopsy is not technically difficult, to obtain informative material a multitude of conditions must be observed at the stages of pre-analytical processing of the obtained tissue samples. Violation of the technology of taking, storing and fixing the material contributes to the formation of artifacts that limit the possibilities for further analysis of the morphological changes in tissue biopsy. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of various methods for cryoprocessing of muscle tissue samples and the manufacture of histological specimens with a subsequent assessment of morphological changes. As a result, the main causes of artifacts were identified. The optimal method for processing muscle biopsy specimens is indicated, which makes it possible to prevent the appearance of artifacts as much as possible and to ensure the preservation of tissue for research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Диагностика нервно-мышечных заболеваний затруднена многообразием клинических проявлений и требует использования дополнительных методов, важное место среди которых занимает патоморфологическое исследование биопсии скелетной мышцы. Несмотря на то что процедура взятия мышечной биопсии технически не сложна, для получения информативного материала требуется соблюдение множества условий на этапах преаналитической обработки полученных образцов ткани. Нарушение технологии взятия, хранения и фиксации материала способствует образованию артефактов, которые ограничивают возможности дальнейшего анализа морфологических изменений ткани биоптата. Проведено сравнение эффективности различных методов криообработки образцов мышечной ткани и изготовления гистологических препаратов с последующей оценкой морфологических изменений. В результате были выявлены основные причины возникновения артефактов. Обозначен оптимальный метод обработки мышечных биоптатов, позволяющий максимально предотвратить появление артефактов и обеспечить сохранность ткани для исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>muscle biopsy</kwd><kwd>histochemical study</kwd><kwd>artifacts</kwd><kwd>neuromuscular diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биопсия мышцы</kwd><kwd>гистохимическое исследование</kwd><kwd>артефакты</kwd><kwd>нервно-мышечные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dubowitz V., Sewry C., Oldfors A. Muscle Biopsy: A Practical Approach. 4th Edition. 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