<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">353</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2019-9-4-51-56</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ РАЗБОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy with pseudomyotonia phenomena: a clinical case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Спинальная и бульбарная мышечная атрофия с псевдомиотоническим феноменом: описание клинического случая</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-2758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 2, 17 Krzhizhanovskogo St., Moscow 117258</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117258 Москва, ул. Кржижановского, 17 / 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6256-3429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryeva</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 / 1 Sq. Minin and Pozharsky, Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Наумовна Григорьева</p><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1</p></bio><email>vrgr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9845-3523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mashkovich</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Машкович</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 / 1 Sq. Minin and Pozharsky, Nizhny Novgorod 603005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-1271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironovich</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронович</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorech’e St., Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-9594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryadninskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряднинская</surname><given-names>Н. В. </given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorech’e St., Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-1833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorech’e St., Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Association of Neuromuscular Disorders Specialists, Medical Center “Practical Neurology”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Региональная общественная организация «Общество специалистов по нервно-мышечным болезням», Медицинский центр «Практическая неврология»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Reseasrch Center of Medical Genetics named after academician N. P. Bochkov, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени акад. Н. П. Бочкова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-01-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-10"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-01-10"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Nikitin S.S., Grigoryeva V.N., Mashkovich K.A., Mironovich O.L., Ryadninskaya N.V., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Никитин С.С., Григорьева В.Н., Машкович К.А., Миронович О.Л., Ряднинская Н.В., Поляков А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin S.S., Grigoryeva V.N., Mashkovich K.A., Mironovich O.L., Ryadninskaya N.V., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин С.С., Григорьева В.Н., Машкович К.А., Миронович О.Л., Ряднинская Н.В., Поляков А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/353">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/353</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A clinical description of a 28-year-old man with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy diagnosed on the basis of the CAG-trinucleotide expansion in the gene coding androgen receptor is presented. He exhibited skeletal muscles and tongue fasciculations, gynecomastia, increased serum testosterone and creatine kinase levels. The peculiarities of the case were the gynecomastia under the age of 7, development of fasciculations at the age of 11 and appearance of hard muscle stiffness with delayed muscle relaxation after voluntary contraction at the age of 15, which resembled typical myotonia. Electromyography showed few signs of mild without myotonic discharge, contrasting with giant motor unit potentials and reduced recruitment. The cause of myotonia-like symptom without myotonic discharge as a feature of skeletal muscles disorder is discussed with the modern view of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy as a multisystem genetic pathology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлен клинический случай пациента 28 лет со спинальной и бульбарной мышечной амиотрофией, доказанной увеличением CAG-повторов в гене, кодирующем андрогенный рецептор. У него наблюдались фасцикуляции в скелетных мышцах и языке, гинекомастия, повышение в сыворотке уровней тестостерона и креатинкиназы. Особенностью случая является развитие гинекомастии в возрасте до 7 лет, появление фасцикуляций в возрасте 11 лет и продолжительных мышечных судорог с задержкой расслабления в 15 лет, которые напоминали типичную миотонию. Электромиография выявила признаки умеренной денервации без миотонических разрядов наряду с гигантскими потенциалами двигательных единиц и снижением паттерна рекрутирования. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы миотонии и задержки мышечного расслабления как признаков нарушения функции скелетных мышц в свете современных представлений о спинальной и бульбарной мышечной атрофии как мультисистемной генетической патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal and bulbar muscle atrophy</kwd><kwd>spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>Kennedy’s disease</kwd><kwd>motor neuron disease</kwd><kwd>myotonia</kwd><kwd>myopathy</kwd><kwd>multiple system involvement</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спинобульбарная мышечная амиотрофия</kwd><kwd>спинальная и бульбарная мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>болезнь Кеннеди</kwd><kwd>болезнь мотонейрона</kwd><kwd>миотония</kwd><kwd>миопатия</kwd><kwd>мультисистемное поражение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Atsuta N., Watanabe H., Ito M. et al. Natural history of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA): a study of 223 Japanese patients. Brain 2006; 129(6):1446–55. PMID: 16621916. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl096.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Tomczykiewicz K., Wrodycka B., Sułek A. Kennedy’s disease – case report. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2005;18(105):307–9. PMID: 15997639.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Fratta P., Nirmalananthan N., Masset L. et al. Correlation of clinical and molecular features in spinal bulbar muscular atrophy. Neurology 2014;82(23):2077–84. PMID: 24814851. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000507.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schagina O.A., Mironovich O.L., Zabnenkova V.V. et al. Expansion of GAG-repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene in patients with spinal amyotrophy. Medicinskaya genetika = Medical genetics 2017;16(9):31–6. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щагина О.А., Миронович О.Л., Забненкова В.В. и др. Экспансия GAG-повторов в экзоне 1 гена AR у больных спинальной амиотрофией. Медицинская генетика 2017;16(9):31–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Jokela M.E., Udd B. Diagnostic clinical, electrodiagnostic and muscle pathology features of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. J Mol Neurosci 2016;58(3):330–4. PMID: 26572533. DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0684-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Querin G., Bertolin C., Da Re E. et al. Non-neural phenotype of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: results from a large cohort of Italian patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016;87(8):810–6. PMID: 26503015. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311305.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Pennuto M., Gozes I. Introduction to the special issue on spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. J Mol Neurosci 2016;58(3): 313–6. PMID: 26875173. DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0720-0.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Araki A., Katsuno M., Suzuki K. et al. Brugada syndrome in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neurology 2014;82(20):1813–21. PMID: 24759840. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000434.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Sperfeld A.D., Karitzky J., Brummer D. et al. X-linked bulbospinal neuronopathy: Kennedy disease. Arch Neurol 2002;59(12):1921–6. PMID: 12470181. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.59.12.1921.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Rhodes L.E., Freeman B.K., Auh S. et al. Clinical features of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Brain 2009;132(12):3242–51. PMID: 19846582. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp258.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Hanajima R., Terao Y., Nakatani-Enomoto S. et al. Postural tremor in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Mov Disord 2009;24(14):2063–9. PMID: 19746452. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22566.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Katsuno M., Tanaka F., Adachi H. et al. Pathogenesis and therapy of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Prog Neurobiol 2012;99(3):246–56. PMID: 22609045. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Kouyoumdjian J.A., Morita M.P., Araújo R.G. X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy’s disease) with long-term electrophysiological evaluation: case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2005;63(1):154–9. PMID:15830083. DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2005000100028.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Araki K., Nakanishi H., Nakamura T. et al. Myotonia-like symptoms in a patient with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2015;25(11):913–5. PMID: 26363965. DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.08.006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Yu Z., Dadgar N., Albertelli M. et al. Androgen-dependent pathology demonstrates myopathic contribution to the Kennedy disease phenotype in a mouse knock-in model. J Clin Invest 2006;116(10):2663–72. PMID: 16981011. DOI: 10.1172/JCI28773.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Monks D.A., Johansen J.A., Mo K. et al. Overexpression of wild-type androgen receptor in muscle recapitulates polyglutamine disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(46):18259–64. PMID: 17984063. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705501104.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Mo K., Razak Z., Rao P. et al. Microarray analysis of gene expression by skeletal muscle of three mouse models of Kennedy disease/spinal bulbar muscular atrophy. PLoS One 2010;5(9):e12922. PMID: 20886071. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012922.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Adachi H., Katsuno M., Minamiyama M. et al. Widespread nuclear and cytoplasmic accumulation of mutant androgen receptor in SBMA patients. Brain 2005;128:659–70. PMID: 1565942. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh381.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Chahin N., Sorenson E.J. Serum creatine kinase levels in spinobulbar muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2009;40:126–9. PMID: 19533663. DOI: 10.1002/mus.21310.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Pennuto M., Greensmith L., Pradat P.F. et al. 210th ENMC International Workshop: Research and clinical management of patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, 27–29 March, 2015, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2015;25(10): 802–12. PMID: 26206601. DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.462.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Soraru G., D’Ascenzo C., Polo A. et al. Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: skeletal muscle pathology in male patients and heterozygous females. J Neurol Sci 2008;264:100–5. PMID: 17854832. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.08.012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Querin G., D’Ascenzo C., Peterle E. et al. Pilot trial of clenbuterol in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neurology 2013;80:2095–8. PMID: 23645595. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318295d766.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Vogel H. Neurogenic Muscle Pathology. In: H.H. Goebel, C.A. Sewry, R.O. Weller, editors. Muscle disease. Pathology and genetics, 2nd edition Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell; 2013. P. 68–78.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
