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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">369</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2020-10-1-10-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and genetic characteristics of congenital muscular dystrophies (Part 1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-генетическая характеристика врожденных мышечных дистрофий (часть 1)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-1477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chausova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаусова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moskvorech’e St., Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полина Александровна Чаусова</p><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, ул. Москворечье</p></bio><email>polinaalex85@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moskvorech’e St., Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, ул. Москворечье</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-1833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moskvorech’e St., Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, ул. Москворечье</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics named after academician N. P. Bochkov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н. П. Бочкова» Минобрнауки России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-06-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Chausova P.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Чаусова П.А., Рыжкова О.П., Поляков А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chausova P.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чаусова П.А., Рыжкова О.П., Поляков А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/369">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/369</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Congenital muscular dystrophy is an extremely heterogeneous group of hereditary neuromuscular diseases that are clinically characterized by muscular hypotonia, progressive muscle weakness, and dystrophic changes in the muscles. Overlapping clinical symptoms and many genes that have to be analyzed to determine the specific form of the disease in the patient make diagnosis difficult. The molecular genetic stage of diagnosis includes many different methods depending on the clinical hypothesis and their application has not lost its relevance even in the era of massive parallel sequencing. In addition to DNA sequence analysis, the analysis of muscle protein expression can also play a significant role in the diagnosis of congenital muscular dystrophy. In the review, we will consider the most important etiological, pathophysiological, clinical and laboratory data of the main forms of congenital muscular dystrophy known today.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Врожденные мышечные дистрофии представляют собой чрезвычайно гетерогенную группу наследственных нервно-мышечных заболеваний, которые клинически характеризуются мышечной гипотонией, прогрессирующей мышечной слабостью и дистрофическими изменениями в мышцах. Перекрывающиеся клинические симптомы и большое число генов, которые необходимо проанализировать для установления конкретной формы заболевания у пациента, затрудняют диагностику. Молекулярно-генетический этап диагностики включает различные методы, в зависимости от клинической гипотезы, и их применение не утратило актуальность даже в эпоху массового параллельного секвенирования. Помимо анализа последовательности ДНК в диагностике врожденных мышечных дистрофий значительную роль также может играть анализ экспрессии мышечного белка. В обзоре мы рассмотрим наиболее важные этиологические, патофизиологические, клинические и лабораторные данные основных форм врожденных мышечных дистрофий, известных на сегодняшний день.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital muscular dystrophy</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденная мышечная дистрофия</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. URL: https://www.omim.ru.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bonnemann C.G. Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Philadelphia, 2009. P. 67–74. 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