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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">398</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2020-10-3-49-62</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neurological complications and pathogenetic therapy for chronic nitrous oxide intoxication (“laughing gas”) in nightclub visitors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврологические осложнения и патогенетическая терапия при хронической интоксикации закисью азота («веселящий газ») у посетителей ночных клубов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>N. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-3405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>D. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1453-2393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grozova</surname><given-names>D. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грозова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Дарья Андреевна Грозова </bold></p><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><email>dariagr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-5332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4728-1498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ginzberg</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гинзберг</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-3552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rizvanova</surname><given-names>А. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ризванова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Suponeva N.А., Grishina D.А., Grozova D.А., Belova N.V., Ginzberg М.А., Rizvanova А.S., Piradov М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Супонева Н.А., Гришина Д.А., Грозова Д.А., Белова Н.В., Гинзберг М.А., Ризванова А.С., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suponeva N.А., Grishina D.А., Grozova D.А., Belova N.V., Ginzberg М.А., Rizvanova А.S., Piradov М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Супонева Н.А., Гришина Д.А., Грозова Д.А., Белова Н.В., Гинзберг М.А., Ризванова А.С., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/398">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/398</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Nitrous oxide abuse (“laughing gas”, N<sub>2</sub>O) is common among young people attending nightclubs. Contrary to popular belief<italic> </italic>about the safety of N<sub>2</sub>O, in some cases neurological complications develop due to a deficiency of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, the activity of which is blocked<italic> </italic>by N<sub>2</sub>O.<italic> </italic><bold>Purpose of the study</bold> – to determine the typology and course of neurological disorders in a group of patients who regularly use “laughing<italic> </italic>gas”. To note the key diagnostic markers that allow verification of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency induced by nitrous oxide consumption. To describe<italic> </italic>pathogenetic therapy features and follow-up.<italic> </italic><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 12 patients (10 men and 2 women) aged 18 to 45 years (average age 29 years) with a diagnosis<italic> </italic>of B<sub>12</sub>-deficient myelopolyneuropathy induced by regular use of nitrous oxide. <italic> </italic><bold>Results.</bold> The most common neurological complication of nitrous oxide abuse for more than 1 month was a generalized lesion of the peripheral nerves with acute or subacute distal symmetric sensory or sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. In the clinical picture, sensory complaints and disorders prevailed. Paresis developed in half of the cases. A typical neuroimaging symptom characteristic of funicular myelosis<italic> </italic>was rarely detected (16.7 %). A decrease in B<sub>12</sub> vitamin level could most reliably be diagnosed only indirectly, by the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia (91.7 % of cases). In all cases that were followed-up, prolonged therapy with cyanocobalamin led to partial (n = 5; 62.5 %)<italic> </italic>or complete (n = 3; 37.5 %) regression of neurological symptoms.<italic> </italic><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Caution regarding the use of nitrous oxide should be in all cases of predominantly sensory polyneuropathy with acute or subacute development in young and middle-aged people. A thorough history taking (targeted survey on the fact of nitrous oxide consumption)<italic> </italic>and diagnostics (testing the level of homocysteine, if possible methylmalonic acid) allow you to not miss a deficiency of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, the treatment of the consequences of which with timely verification and adequate correction is quite effective. It is recommended that the level of homocysteine in the blood to be regularly monitored during the treatment (in order to achieve its normalization).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Употребление закиси азота («веселящего газа», N<sub>2</sub>O) путем вдыхания является нередким развлечением среди молодых<italic> </italic>людей, посещающих ночные клубы. Вопреки распространенному мнению о безопасности N<sub>2</sub>O, в ряде случаев развиваются неврологические осложнения, обусловленные дефицитом витамина В<sub>12</sub>, активность которого блокируется N<sub>2</sub>O.<italic> </italic><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – определить типологию и особенности развития неврологических нарушений у группы пациентов, регулярно<italic> </italic>употребляющих «веселящий газ». Отметить ключевые диагностические маркеры, позволяющие верифицировать дефицит витамина В<sub>12</sub>, индуцированный употреблением закиси азота. Описать особенности патогенетической терапии и катамнез.<italic> </italic><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 12 пациентов (10 мужчин и 2 женщины) в возрасте от 18 до 45 лет (средний<italic> </italic>возраст 29 лет) с установленным диагнозом: «В<sub>12</sub>-дефицитная миелополиневропатия, индуцированная регулярным употреблением закиси азота».<italic> </italic><bold>Результаты.</bold> Наиболее частым неврологическим осложнением злоупотребления закисью азота в течение более 1 мес явилось<italic> </italic>генерализованное поражение периферических нервов по типу острой или подострой дистальной симметричной сенсорной или сенсомоторной аксональной полиневропатии. В клинической картине преобладали сенсорные жалобы и нарушения. Парезы развивались в половине случаев. Типичный нейровизуализационный симптом, характерный для фуникулярного миелоза, выявлялся редко<italic> </italic>(16,7 %). Снижение уровня В<sub>12</sub> наиболее достоверно можно было диагностировать только косвенно, по наличию гипергомоцистеинемии (91,7 %). Во всех случаях, которые удалось отследить в динамике, длительная терапия препаратами цианокобаламина привела к частичному (n = 5; 62,5 %) или полному (n = 3; 37,5 %) регрессу неврологической симптоматики.<italic> </italic><bold>Заключение.</bold> Настороженность в отношении употребления закиси азота должна быть во всех случаях преимущественно сенсорной полиневропатии с острым или подострым развитием у лиц молодого и среднего возраста. Тщательный сбор анамнеза<italic> </italic>(прицельный опрос о факте употребления закиси азота) и проведение диагностических тестов (исследование уровня гомоцистеина, при возможности – метилмалоновой кислоты) позволяют не пропустить дефицит витамина В<sub>12</sub>, эффективность лечения<italic> </italic>последствий которого при своевременной верификации и верной коррекции достаточно высока. Рекомендуется регулярно проводить мониторинг уровня гомоцистеина в крови на фоне лечения (с целью достижения его нормализации).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nitrous oxide</kwd><kwd>“laughing gas”</kwd><kwd>funicular myelosis</kwd><kwd>polyneuropathy</kwd><kwd>vitamin B12</kwd><kwd>cyanocobalamin</kwd><kwd>homocysteine</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>закись азота</kwd><kwd>«веселящий газ»</kwd><kwd>фуникулярный миелоз</kwd><kwd>полиневропатия</kwd><kwd>витамин В12</kwd><kwd>цианокобаламин</kwd><kwd>гомоцистеин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out in the framework of the National assignment for the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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