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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">399</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2020-10-3-63-73</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic model of motor neuron disease in B6SJL-Tg mice: new data on the dynamics of motor symptoms and immunohistochemical manifestations of the neurodegenerative process</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетическая модель болезни двигательного нейрона у мышей линии B6SjL-tg: новые данные о динамике двигательных нарушений и иммуногистохимических проявлений нейродегенеративного процесса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-0934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stavrovskaya</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ставровская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoye sh., Мoscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Ставровская Алла Вадимовна</bold></p><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-5322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронков</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoye sh., Мoscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-0311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyomova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артёмова</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamaleya St., Мoscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2646-9774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belugin</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белугин</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamaleya St., Мoscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-1296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarov</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаров</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamaleya St., Мoscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-2266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yamshchikova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ямщикова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoye sh., Мoscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-0279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchina</surname><given-names>А. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoye sh., Мoscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-8032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshansky</surname><given-names>А. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoye sh., Мoscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-8238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naroditskiy</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Народицкий</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamaleya St., Мoscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoye sh., Мoscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for epidemiology and microbiology, the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Stavrovskaya А.V., Voronkov D.N., Artyomova E.A., Belugin B.V., Shmarov М.М., Yamshchikova N.G., Gushchina А.S., Olshansky А.S., Naroditskiy B.S., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Ставровская А.В., Воронков Д.Н., Артёмова Э.А., Белугин Б.В., Шмаров М.М., Ямщикова Н.Г., Гущина А.С., Ольшанский А.С., Народицкий Б.С., Иллариошкин С.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stavrovskaya А.V., Voronkov D.N., Artyomova E.A., Belugin B.V., Shmarov М.М., Yamshchikova N.G., Gushchina А.S., Olshansky А.S., Naroditskiy B.S., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ставровская А.В., Воронков Д.Н., Артёмова Э.А., Белугин Б.В., Шмаров М.М., Ямщикова Н.Г., Гущина А.С., Ольшанский А.С., Народицкий Б.С., Иллариошкин С.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/399">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/399</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Over the past several decades, the study of mutations associated with motor neuron disease has led to the development<italic> </italic>of a number of transgenic animal models of motor neuron disease. One of the causes of the familial form of this disorder is mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1. The B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A) mouse strain expresses a mutant form of human<italic> </italic>superoxide dismutase 1.<italic> </italic><bold>Aim of study.</bold> To assess motor functions, dynamics of survival, and morphological changes in the spinal cord of transgenic B6SJL-Tg<italic> </italic>(SOD1*G93A) mice.<italic> </italic><bold>Material and methods.</bold> In total, 31 animals have been studied. Starting from the age of 22 weeks, once every two weeks, the “open field”<italic> </italic>and “beam walking” motor tests were performed. The morphological changes in the spinal cord were evaluated at intermediate (26–35 weeks)<italic> </italic>and late stages (40–45 weeks). Neuronal proteins NeuN and PGP9.5, gliofibrillar protein, cyclonucleotide phosphatase (a marker of oligodendroglia) and a marker protein of microglia IBA1 were detected by immunohistochemistry; antibodies MTC02 to the outer membrane<italic> </italic>protein were used to detect mitochondria.<italic> </italic><bold>Results.</bold> Motor problems appeared at the age of 24–26 weeks and steadily progressed; one could see consistent paresis of the hindlimbs, then<italic> </italic>the forelimbs, which was accompanied by general hypotrophy of the animals. There was a greater variability in the timing of symptom onset<italic> </italic>and life expectancy in males compared to females. The neurodegenerative process with damage to motor neurons was accompanied by the<italic> </italic>activation of micro- and astroglia. A sharp decrease in immunoreactivity to the mitochondrial marker MTC02 was found.<italic> </italic><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The obtained results demonstrate new details of the development of a complex of motor and pathomorphological changes characteristic of motor neuron disease in B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A) mice. Clarification of the fine dynamics of the neurodegenerative process<italic> </italic>in these animals is of great importance for monitoring the course of the disease during preclinical trials of new drugs and methods of gene<italic> </italic>therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> За последние несколько десятилетий изучение мутаций, связанных с болезнью двигательного нейрона, привело к разработке ряда трансгенных моделей этого заболевания на животных. Одной из известных причин семейной формы болезни двигательного нейрона являются мутации в гене, кодирующем Cu / Zn-супероксиддисмутазу 1 (SOD1). Линия мышей B6SJL-Tg<italic> </italic>(SOD1*G93A) экспрессирует мутантную форму данного гена и может рассматриваться как анимальная модель болезни двигательного нейрона.<italic> </italic><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить двигательные функции, динамику выживаемости и морфологические изменения в спинном мозге<italic> </italic>трансгенных мышей B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A).<italic> </italic><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование было взято 31 животное с указанной мутацией, которым начиная с возраста 22 нед, раз<italic> </italic>в 2 нед проводили двигательные тесты «открытое поле» и «сужающаяся дорожка». Морфологические изменения в спинном мозге оценивали на промежуточных (26–35 нед) и поздних стадиях (40–45 нед). Иммуногистохимически выявляли нейрональные<italic> </italic>белки NeuN и PGP9.5, глиофибриллярный белок, циклонуклеотидфосфатазу (маркер олигодендроглии) и маркерный белок микроглии IBA1, для выявления митохондрий использовали антитела MTC02 к белку наружной мембраны.<italic> </italic><bold>Результаты.</bold> Двигательные нарушения появлялись в возрасте 24–26 нед и неуклонно прогрессировали, наблюдался восходящий<italic> </italic>парез задних, затем передних конечностей, что сопровождалось общей гипотрофией животных. Отмечена бóльшая вариабельность в сроках появления симптомов и продолжительности жизни самцов по сравнению с самками. Нейродегенеративный процесс с поражением двигательных нейронов сопровождался активацией микро- и астроглии. Обнаружено резкое снижение иммунореактивности к митохондриальному маркеру MTC02.<italic> </italic><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные результаты демонстрируют особенности развития у мышей B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A) комплекса двигательных и патоморфологических изменений, характерных для болезни двигательного нейрона. Уточнение тонкой динамики<italic> </italic>нейродегенеративного процесса у модельных животных имеет значение для мониторинга течения болезни при проведении доклинических испытаний новых лекарственных препаратов и методов генной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>motor neuron disease</kwd><kwd>SOD1 gene</kwd><kwd>transgenic model</kwd><kwd>motor manifestations</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь двигательного нейрона</kwd><kwd>ген SOD1</kwd><kwd>трансгенная модель</kwd><kwd>двигательные нарушения</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Завалишин И.А., Захарова М.Н. Боковой амиотрофический склероз Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 1999;4:60–4. [Zavalishin I.A., Zakharova M.N. 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