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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">423</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2021-11-1-19-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and genetic characteristics of type 3 lissencephaly caused by a mutation in the TUBA1A gene (OMIM: 611603)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-генетические характеристики лиcсэнцефалии 3-го типа, обусловленной мутациями в гене TUBA1A (OMIM: 611603)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-8595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya Mikhaylovna Guseva</p><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Михайловна Гусева</p><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><email>guseva@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2672-6294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5946-4577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессонова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-2758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-2805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dadali</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дадали</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchagina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щагина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Guseva D.M., Markova T.V., Bessonova L.A., Nikitin S.S., Dadali E.L., Shchagina O.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Гусева Д.М., Маркова Т.В., Бессонова Л.А., Никитин С.С., Дадали Е.Л., Щагина О.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guseva D.M., Markova T.V., Bessonova L.A., Nikitin S.S., Dadali E.L., Shchagina O.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусева Д.М., Маркова Т.В., Бессонова Л.А., Никитин С.С., Дадали Е.Л., Щагина О.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/423">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/423</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Lissencephaly (LIS) is a spectrum of malformations of the cerebral cortex that occur as a result of impaired migration of neuronal precursors to the cortical plate and the formation of furrows and convolutions in the post‑migration period of embryonic development. In recent years, a significant role of hereditary factors in the occurrence of LIS has been shown due to the improvement of methods of molecular genetic diagnostics. Today, 13 genetic variants have been identified in the LIS group, six of which are inherited autosomal recessively, five are autosomal dominant, and two are linked to the X chromosome. It is shown that 80 % of cases of hereditary LIS is caused by mutations in two genes: PAFAH1B1, which is responsible for the occurrence of the LIS 1 type with an au‑ tosomal dominant type of inheritance, and in the DCX gene, localized on the X chromosome. The rest of the genetic variants account for from 1 % to 5 % of cases of defects accompanied by dysgenesis of the cerebral cortex. In recent years, the number of works devoted to the analysis of clinical and genetic characteristics of monogenic variants of LIS has increased. The results of such studies will allow us to improve our understanding not only of the pathogenetic mechanisms of this group of diseases, but also of the molecular basis for the formation of brain structures in the normal embryonic period.</p><p><bold>Objective:</bold> to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of three Russian patients with autosomal dominant LIS type 3 (OMIM: 611603) caused by mutations in the TUBA1A gene.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> All patients were under observation in the consultative and diagnostic department of Research Centre for Medical Genetics. The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical data, genealogical anamnesis, results of brain MRI, EEG night video monitoring and exome sequencing by NGS. The validation of the identified nucleotide substitutions and analysis of the disease segregation were performed using the Sanger direct automatic sequencing method.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The clinical and genetic characteristics of three patients with newly identified and previously described mutation in the TUBA1A gene were analyzed. Possible effects of new missense mutations in the gene on the function of the protein product of the gene are discussed.</p><p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>The results of the analysis of the clinical and genetic characteristics of the patients we observed contribute to the study of the polymorphism of clinical manifestations resulting from mutations in the TUBA1A gene. The previously stated assumption about a wide range of malformations of the brain in patients with mutations in this gene was confirmed, which should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Лиcсэнцефалия (ЛЭ) – группа пороков развития коры головного мозга, возникающих в результате нарушения миграции предшественников нейронов к кортикальной пластинке, формирования борозд и извилин в постмиграционном периоде эмбрионального развития. В последние годы в связи с совершенствованием методов молекулярно-генетической диагностики показана значимая роль наследственных факторов в возникновении ЛЭ. Сегодня в группе ЛЭ идентифицировано 13 генетических вариантов, 6 из которых наследуются аутосомно-рецессивно, 5 – аутосомно-доминантно и 2 – сцепленно с Х-хромосомой. В 80 % случаев наследственные ЛЭ обусловлены мутациями в 2 генах: PAFAH1B1, ответственном за возникновение ЛЭ 1-го типа с аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования, и в гене DCX, локализованном на Х-хромосоме. На долю остальных генетических вариантов приходится от 1 до 5 % случаев пороков, сопровождающихся дисгенезией коры головного мозга. В последние годы увеличилось число работ по анализу клинико-генетических характеристик моногенных вариантов ЛЭ. Результаты исследований расширяют представления не только о патогенетических механизмах возникновения данной группы болезней, но и о молекулярных основах нормального формирования структур мозга в эмбриональном периоде.<bold>Цель работы</bold> – описание клинико-генетических характеристик 3 российских больных с аутосомно-доминантной ЛЭ 3-го типа (OMIM: 611603), обусловленной мутациями в гене TUBA1A.<bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Все пациенты находились под наблюдением в консультативно-диагностическом отделении ФГБНУ «МГНЦ им. академика Н.П. Бочкова». Диагноз устанавливался на основании клиники, генеалогического анамнеза, результатов магнитно-резонансной томографии головного мозга, ночного видеоэлектроэнцефалографического мониторинга и секвенирования экзома методом NGS. Валидация выявленных нуклеотидных замен и анализ сегрегации заболевания проводились на основании использования метода прямого автоматического секвенирования по Сэнгеру.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Проведен анализ клинико-генетических характеристик 3 больных с описанной ранее и впервые выявленными мутациями в гене TUBA1A. Обсуждены возможные эффекты новых миссенс-мутаций в гене на функцию белкового продукта гена.Выводы. Результаты анализа клинико-генетических характеристик наблюдаемых нами больных вносят вклад в изучение полиморфизма клинических проявлений, возникающих в результате мутаций в гене TUBA1A. Подтверждено высказанное ранее предположение о широком спектре пороков развития головного мозга у больных с мутациями в этом гене, что должно учитываться при постановке диагноза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain malformation</kwd><kwd>lissencephaly</kwd><kwd>microcephaly</kwd><kwd>tubulin</kwd><kwd>TUBA1A</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>порок развития мозга</kwd><kwd>лиссэнцефалия</kwd><kwd>микроцефалия</kwd><kwd>тубулин</kwd><kwd>TUBA1A</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed without external funding, within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и образования РФ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fry A.E., Cushion T.D., Pilz D.T. 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