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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">443</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2021-11-2-12-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Management and rehabilitation of patients with persistent olfactory disorders (hypo- and anosmia) (literature review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ведение и реабилитация пациентов со стойким нарушением обоняния (гипо- и аносмией) (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0448-7402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voitenkov</surname><given-names>V.     B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Войтенков</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 9 Professor Popov St., Saint-Petersburg 197022</p><p>91 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125371</p><p>50 Bestughevskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 195067 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 9</p><p> 125371 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 91</p><p> 195067 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бестужевская, 50 </p></bio><email>vlad203@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-6094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekusheva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екушева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125371</p><p>85 Pobeda St., Belgorod 308015 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125371 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 91</p><p> 308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, 85 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-0226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrenova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавренова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 6–8 Lva Tolstogo St., Saint-Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skripchenko</surname><given-names>N.   V. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрипченко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>  9 Professor Popov St., Saint-Petersburg 197022 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 9 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-5300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bedova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бедова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>  9 Professor Popov St., Saint-Petersburg 197022 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 9 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname> Komazov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комазов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125371</p><p>85 Pobeda St., Belgorod 308015 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125371 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 91</p><p> 308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, 85</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства&#13;
России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academy of Postgraduate Education of Federal Scientific Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">﻿ Federal Scientific Center of Rehabilitation of the Disabled named after G.A. Albrecht of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection&#13;
of the Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный научный центр реабилитации инвалидов им. Г.А. Альбрехта» Минтруда России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod State National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВПО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-12"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-09-12"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Voitenkov V. ., Ekusheva E.V., Lavrenova G.V., Skripchenko N.V., Bedova M.A.,  Komazov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Войтенков В.Б., Екушева Е.В., Лавренова Г.В., Скрипченко Н.В., Бедова М.А., Комазов А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voitenkov V. ., Ekusheva E.V., Lavrenova G.V., Skripchenko N.V., Bedova M.A.,  Komazov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Войтенков В.Б., Екушева Е.В., Лавренова Г.В., Скрипченко Н.В., Бедова М.А., Комазов А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/443">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/443</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We present a review of the literature and our own data on the management and rehabilitation of impairment or persis‑tent loss of the olfactory function – hypo‑ and anosmia. Approaches for restoring impaired olfactory function can be divided into olfactory training, pharmacological and physiotherapy. Smell training is carried out according to a number of protocols that differ mainly in the used arsenal of smells, as well as in the frequency of their presentation. Pharma‑cologically, it is proposed to use steroids used both topically (intranasally) and systemically; there is no common view on the effectiveness of this approach. Physiotherapy involve electrical stimulation of the olfactory filaments in the area of their exit into the nasal cavity (lateral masses of the ethmoid bone). In our opinion the most rational approach is the use of training methods using different smells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Мы представляем обзор литературы и собственные данные по ведению и реабилитации пациентов со снижением или стойкой утратой обоняния – гипо‑ и аносмией. Для восстановления нарушенной ольфакторной функции предлагаются различные методы терапии: тренинг обонятельной функции, фармакологическое лечение и физиотерапия. Тренировка обонятельной функции проводится с использованием ряда общепринятых протоколов, различающихся в основном применяемым набором запахов и частотой их предъявления. Фармакологическое лечение состоит в местном (интраназальном) или пероральном использовании стероидов, при этом единого мнения об эффективности или приоритете метода применения гормональной терапии нет. В качестве метода физиотерапии рассматривается электростимуляция обонятельных волокон в области их выхода в полость носа (латеральные массы решетчатой кости). Среди всех методов терапии при ольфакторных нарушениях наиболее рациональными являются тренировки с использованием различных запахов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anosmia</kwd><kwd>hyposmia</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>COVID‑19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аносмия</kwd><kwd>гипосмия</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>инфекция COVID‑19</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kollndorfer K., Reichert J.L., Bruckler B. et al. Self-esteem as an important factor in quality of life and depressive symptoms in anosmia: a pilot study. Clin Otolaryngol 2017;42(6):1229–34. PMID: 28236363. DOI: 10.1111/coa.12855.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Alvarez-Camacho M., Gonella S., Ghosh S. The impact of taste and smell alterations on quality of life in head and neck cancer patients. Qual Life Res 2016;25:1495–504. PMID: 26589527. 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