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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">468</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2021-11-4-48-54</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ РАЗБОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">POLR3A-related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: case report and literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>POLR3A-ассоциированная гипомиелинизированная лейкодистрофия: описание клинического случая и обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-7378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murtazina</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муртазина</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aysylu Fanzirovna Murtazina</bold></p><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Айсылу Фанзировна Муртазина</bold> </p><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><email>aysylumurtazina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2672-6294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8831-1844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-9093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchagina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щагина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-2805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dadali</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дадали</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова» Минобрнауки России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Murtazina A.F., Markova T.V., Orlova A.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Shchagina O.A., Dadali E.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Муртазина А.Ф., Маркова Т.В., Орлова А.А., Рыжкова О.П., Щагина О.А., Дадали Е.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Murtazina A.F., Markova T.V., Orlova A.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Shchagina O.A., Dadali E.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муртазина А.Ф., Маркова Т.В., Орлова А.А., Рыжкова О.П., Щагина О.А., Дадали Е.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/468">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/468</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HL) is a group of genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a lack of brain myelin deposition. One of the most common autosomal recessive HL is HL type 7 caused by mutations in the POLR3A gene. We reported the first clinical case of a Russian patient with HL type 7.Proband is a 7‑year‑old patient with HL type 7. The diagnosis was confirmed by genealogy, neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging and molecular genetic testing. Two compound‑heterozygous variants in the POLR3A gene were revealed in the patient. Each variant was described earlier in patients with variable clinical manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases. The peculiarities of clinical manifestations in our patient were the manifestation of the disease in the first year of life, the predominance of cerebellar symptoms, a movement limitation of the jaw, leading to worsening of dysarthria, a delay in the formation of permanent teeth and short stature. The course of the disease was moderate that could be explained by different effect of the variants in the POLR3A gene.POLR3A‑related disease is a group of clinically heterogeneous disorders manifesting from early childhood to adulthood and characterized by isolated spastic ataxia or ataxia combined with oligodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, isolated or complicated spastic paraplegia, as well as a combination of ataxia with extrapyramidal symptoms. Our case report demonstrates the complexity of diagnostic process in the absence of a peculiar clinical picture and specific changes in brain imaging.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Гипомиелинизированные лейкодистрофии (ГЛ) – группа генетически гетерогенных нейродегенеративных заболеваний, сопровождающихся нарушением миелинизации. Одной из наиболее распространенных аутосомно‑рецессивных ГЛ является ГЛ 7‑го типа, обусловленная мутациями в гене POLR3А.<bold>Целью работы</bold> явилось первое описание клинико‑генетических характеристик российского пациента с ГЛ 7‑го типа и обзор опубликованных данных.Пробанд – ребенок 7 лет с ГЛ 7‑го типа. Диагноз устанавливался на основании данных генеалогического анализа, неврологического осмотра, магнитно‑резонансной томографии головного мозга и результатов молекулярно‑генетического анализа.У наблюдаемого нами больного выявлено 2 варианта нуклеотидной последовательности в компаунд‑гетерозиготном состоянии в гене POLR3А, каждая из которых была описана ранее у пациентов с вариабельными клиническими проявлениями нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Особенностями клинических проявлений у нашего пациента были манифестация болезни на 1‑м году жизни, преобладание в клинической картине мозжечковой симптоматики, нарушение движения нижней челюсти, приводящее к усилению дизартрии, задержка формирования постоянных зубов и низкорослость. Выявленные признаки указывают на течение болезни средней тяжести, что связано с разным эффектом обнаруженных у пробанда мутаций.POLR3А‑ассоциированные заболевания представляют собой группу клинически полиморфных состояний, дебютирующих с раннего детского до взрослого возраста. Клинические проявления у пациентов с различными типами и локализацией мутаций могут характеризоваться изолированной спастической атаксией или сочетающейся с олигодонтией и гипогонадотропным гипогонадизмом, изолированной или осложненной спастической параплегией, а также сочетанием атаксии с экстрапирамидными симптомами. Представленное нами наблюдение демонстрирует сложность диагностики болезни в детском возрасте, в отсутствие специфического набора клинических симптомов и характерных признаков при визуализации мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 7</kwd><kwd>POLR3A</kwd><kwd>spastic ataxia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипомиелинизированная лейкодистрофия 7‑го типа</kwd><kwd>POLR3A</kwd><kwd>спастическая атаксия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Pouwels P.J., Vanderver A., Bernard G. et al. Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies: translational research progress and prospects. Ann Neurol 2014;76(1):5–19. DOI: 10.1002/ana.24194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pouwels P.J., Vanderver A., Bernard G. et al. Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies: translational research progress and prospects. 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