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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">472</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2022-12-1-10-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ultrasound elastography of muscles in cerebral palsy: systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ультразвуковая эластография мышц у детей с детским церебральным параличом: систематический обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7651-8485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kenis</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кенис</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Vladimir Markovich Kenis</bold></p><p>64–68 Parkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 196603</p><p>47 Piskarevskiy Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 195067</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Владимир Маркович Кенис</bold></p><p>196603 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Парковая, 64–68</p><p>195067 Санкт-Петербург, Пискаревский проспект, 47</p></bio><email>kenis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapogovskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапоговский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>64–68 Parkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 196603</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>196603 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Парковая, 64–68</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-5573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melchenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельченко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>64–68 Parkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 196603</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>196603 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Парковая, 64–68</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-4108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agranovich</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агранович</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>64–68 Parkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 196603</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>196603 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Парковая, 64–68</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-9564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubina</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубина</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>64–68 Parkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 196603</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>196603 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Парковая, 64–68</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3834-2463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhurbitskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журбицкая</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>64–68 Parkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 196603</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>196603 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Парковая, 64–68</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии им. Г. И. Турнера» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-02-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Kenis V.M., Sapogovskiy A.V., Melchenko E.V., Agranovich O.E., Shubina A.I., Zhurbitskaya M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Кенис В.М., Сапоговский А.В., Мельченко Е.В., Агранович О.Е., Шубина А.И., Журбицкая М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kenis V.M., Sapogovskiy A.V., Melchenko E.V., Agranovich O.E., Shubina A.I., Zhurbitskaya M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кенис В.М., Сапоговский А.В., Мельченко Е.В., Агранович О.Е., Шубина А.И., Журбицкая М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/472">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/472</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Quantitative analysis of skeletal muscles in cerebral palsy is an important but unsolved problem. Ultrasound elastography is a group of diagnostic methods that allow visualizing tissue stiffness, measuring and displaying biomechanical properties of tissues. The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic analysis of literature on ultrasound elastography of skeletal muscles in children with cerebral palsy.A literary search for keywords in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY was carried out. The inclusion criteria were nosology (cerebral palsy), age (up to 18 years) and the study design (original study in ultrasound elastography of the skeletal muscler), as well as the availability of detailed information about the technical issues, demographic and clinical data.The final analysis included 20 publications. Patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy were most often studied, with the healthy side used as a control, shear wave elastography was used more often, in which both share wave velocity and shear modulus were assessed, and linear probes were used more often. The most frequent anatomical objects were the calf muscles. Most often, elastography was used to assess the results of botulinum therapy, and demonstrated an increase in muscle elasticity after treatment.Ultrasound elastography as a method od assessment of the mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in children with cerebral palsy cannot be considered suitable as a routine study at the moment. But the method showed promising results for the research purposes: all the publications we analyzed demonstrated significant difference in elastography indicators both when comparing with unaffected limb or with healthy controls. Positive changes were also detected after various therapeutic interventions aimed to reducing muscle tone and retraction e. g. botulinum toxin injections.The absence of a unified approach to muscle elastography in children with cerebral palsy was demonstrated, both for data obtaining and interpretation. In general, ultrasound elastography of the skeletal muscles in children with cerebral palsy is a promising method for qualitative and quantitative assessment of muscle tissue that requires further development. Improvement of technology, standardization of technique and measurements will further expand the usage of this method.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ультразвуковая эластография – это группа диагностических методов, позволяющих визуализировать жесткость ткани, осуществлять измерения и отображать биомеханические свойства тканей. Целью работы было проведение систематического анализа имеющихся в литературе данных исследований, посвященных эластографии мышцы у детей с детским церебральным параличом (ДЦП).Проведен поиск литературы по ключевым словам в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. Критериями включения публикаций в анализ являлись соответствие нозологии (ДЦП), возрасту (до 18 лет) и использованному методу исследования (ультразвуковая эластография мышц), их дизайн (оригинальное исследование), а также наличие подробных сведений о методике исследования, описание возрастных, демографических и клинических показателей.В основной анализ вошло 20 публикаций. Наиболее часто изучались пациенты с гемипаретическими формами ДЦП, при этом в качестве контроля использовалась здоровая сторона, чаще использовалась эластография сдвиговой волной, при которой оценивались как ее скорость, так и модуль сдвига, чаще применялись линейные датчики. Наиболее частым анатомическим объектом были мышцы голени. Наиболее часто эластография использовалась для оценки результатов ботулинотерапии и показывала увеличение эластичности мышцы после лечения.Исследование механических свойств скелетных мышц у детей с ДЦП с помощью ультразвуковой эластографии находится в стадии разработки, и на данный момент эту методику нельзя считать подходящей в качестве рутинного исследования. В исследовательских целях данный метод показал свою информативность: все анализированные нами публикации продемонстрировали существенное отличие показателей эластографии как при сравнении пораженных мышц с мышцами непораженной конечности или здоровых детей, так и при исследовании после проведения различных терапевтических воздействий, направленных на снижение тонуса и ретракции мышцы.Продемонстрировано отсутствие единого подхода к эластографии мышцы у детей с ДЦП с точки зрения как техники получения информации, так и ее анализа и интерпретации. Эластография мышц у детей с ДЦП является перспективным методом исследования состояния мышечной ткани, требующим дальнейшего развития. Совершенствование технологии, методик получения изображения и его обработки, стандартизация техники позволят в дальнейшем расширить область применения данного метода.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infantile cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>ultrasound elastography</kwd><kwd>muscles</kwd><kwd>systematic review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детский церебральный паралич</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая эластография</kwd><kwd>мышцы</kwd><kwd>систематический обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klochkova O.A., Kurenkov A.L., Kenis V.M. Development of contractures in spastic forms of cerebral palsy: Pathogenesis and prevention. 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