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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">487</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2022-12-2-37-46</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Differential diagnosis of myopathy and multiple epiphysal dysplasia caused by mutations in the <italic>COMP</italic> gene in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дифференциальная диагностика миопатии и множественной эпифизарной дисплазии, обусловленной мутациями в гене <italic>COMP</italic>, в детском возрасте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2672-6294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Таtyana Vladimirovna Markova</p>
<p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Маркова </p>
<p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1;</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7651-8485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kenis</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кенис</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>64–68 Parkovaya St., Pushkin, Saint Petersburg 196603</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>196603 Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ул. Парковая, 64–68</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-2758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1;</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-5573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melchenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельченко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>64–68 Parkovaya St., Pushkin, Saint Petersburg 196603</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>196603 Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ул. Парковая, 64–68</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-4518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagornova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагорнова</surname><given-names>Т. C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1;</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1;</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-3543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиева</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1;</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-6043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yugeno</surname><given-names>Ya. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Югено</surname><given-names>Я. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1;</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-1180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1;</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-2805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dadali</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дадали</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1;</italic></p></bio><email>markova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова» Минобрнауки России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии им. Г.И. Турнера» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Markova T.V., Kenis V.M., Nikitin S.S., Melchenko E.V., Nagornova T.S., Osipova D.V., Alieva A.E., Yugeno Y.S., Zakharova E.Y., Dadali E.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Маркова Т.В., Кенис В.М., Никитин С.С., Мельченко Е.В., Нагорнова Т.C., Осипова Д.В., Алиева А.Э., Югено Я.С., Захарова Е.Ю., Дадали Е.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markova T.V., Kenis V.M., Nikitin S.S., Melchenko E.V., Nagornova T.S., Osipova D.V., Alieva A.E., Yugeno Y.S., Zakharova E.Y., Dadali E.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маркова Т.В., Кенис В.М., Никитин С.С., Мельченко Е.В., Нагорнова Т.C., Осипова Д.В., Алиева А.Э., Югено Я.С., Захарова Е.Ю., Дадали Е.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/487">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/487</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Multiple epiphysal dysplasia (MED) type 1 (OMIM: 132400) is one of 7 genetic variants of this group of skeletal dysplasias described to date. The disease is caused by mutations in the <italic>COMP</italic> gene located on chromosome 19p13.1. The presence of muscle hypotonia and ligamentous laxity, as well as a moderate increase in the level of creatinephosphokinase activity, can lead to misdiagnosis of myopathy.</p> <p><bold>Objective</bold>: to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of type 1 MED caused by mutations in the <italic>COMP</italic> gene in a series of Russian patients. Differential diagnosis was focused on the distinctive features of the disorder and hereditary myopathies.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> We observed 8 patients from 7 families aged 7 to 15 years with MED type 1 caused by heterozygous mutations in the <italic>COMP</italic> gene. To confirm the diagnosis, the following methods were used: genealogical analysis, clinical examination, neurological examination with psycho-emotional testing, radiography and targeted sequencing of a panel consisting of 166 genes responsible for the development of inherited skeletal pathology.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Case history, clinical, radiological and genetic characteristics of 8 patients with MED type 1 caused by mutations in the <italic>COMP</italic> gene were analyzed. The first clinical manifestations of the disease were recorded from the age of 2–3 years and were characterized by gait disturbances, muscle weakness, difficulties with climbing stairs, frequent falls when walking, the inability to get up from the floor and from a squatting position and hypermobility of the joints. Electroneuromyographic study did not reveal the signs of miopathy. In two patients, a moderate increase in the creatinekinase level of up to 250–360 u / l was found. All patients were surveyed by neurologists for several years with a clinical diagnosis of congenital myopathy. At the age of 5–6 years patients <italic>COMP</italic>lained knee and ankle pain, which was assumed as rheumatic arthropathy. X-ray examination revealed typical signs of deficient ossification of the epiphyses. The next-generation sequencing analysis revealed seven single nucleotide variants in the <italic>COMP</italic> gene that lead to MED type 1. Three of the found variants here identified for the first time. As previously described, the majority of nucleotide variants (six out of seven) were localized in the 8–14 exons of the <italic>COMP</italic> gene and led to amino acid substitutions in calmodulin-like protein domain repeats, and only one substitution was localized in the C-terminal region of the protein molecule.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In most patients with MED caused by mutations in the <italic>COMP</italic> gene, the first symptoms of the disease are gait disturbance, muscle weakness, and Gowers» maneuvers. The presence of these symptoms, along with a moderate increase in the level of creatinephosphokinase activity, often precedes the onset of clinical manifestations of skeletal dysplasia, leading to a misdiagnosis with myopathies. Accession of expressive arthralgias to these symptoms was mistakenly identified as reactive arthritis. X-ray examination of patients’ long bones helps to suspect the presence of MED. This X-ray imaging shows specific signs of epiphyses damage. A molecular-genetic analysis needs to be done to diagnose the genetic variant, caused by mutations in gene <italic>COMP</italic>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Множественная эпифизарная дисплазия (МЭД) 1‑го типа (OMIM: 132400) – один из семи описанных к настоящему времени генетических вариантов этой группы скелетных дисплазий. Заболевание обусловлено мутациями в гене <italic>COMP</italic>, локализованном на хромосоме 19р13.1. Наличие мышечной гипотонии и слабости связочного аппарата суставов, а также умеренное повышение уровня активности креатинфосфокиназы часто приводят к ошибочной диагностике миопатии.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– анализ клинико‑генетических характеристик МЭД 1‑го типа, обусловленной мутациями в гене <italic>COMP</italic>, в выборке российских пациентов и формирование принципов дифференциальной диагностики заболевания с наследственными миопатиями.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Под нашим наблюдением находилось 8 пациентов из 7 семей в возрасте от 7 до 15 лет с МЭД 1‑го типа, обусловленной гетерозиготными мутациями в гене <italic>COMP</italic>. Для уточнения диагноза использовались генеалогический анализ, клиническое обследование, неврологический осмотр по стандартной методике с оценкой психоэмоциональной сферы, рентгенография и таргетное секвенирование панели, состоящей из 166 генов, ответственных за развитие наследственной скелетной патологии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Проведен анализ анамнестических данных, клинико‑рентгенологических и молекулярно‑генетических характеристик 8 пациентов с МЭД 1‑го типа, обусловленной мутациями в гене <italic>COMP</italic>. Первые клинические проявления заболевания регистрировались с 2–3‑летнего возраста и характеризовались изменением походки, быстрой утомляемостью, трудностью подъема по лестнице, частыми падениями при ходьбе, отсутствием возможности самостоятельно встать с пола и из положения на корточках, выраженной гипермобильностью в суставах. В результате проведения электронейромиографического исследования не отмечалось признаков первично‑мышечного поражения. У 2 пациентов обнаружено умеренное повышение уровня активности креатинфосфокиназы в плазме крови до 250–360 Ед/л. Все пациенты в течение нескольких лет наблюдались у неврологов с диагнозом врожденной миопатии. В возрасте 5–6 лет у пациентов возникали боли в коленных и голеностопных суставах, которые расценивались как реактивные, чаще всего ревматические, артропатии. При проведении рентгенологического обследования выявлены типичные признаки поражения эпифизов длинных трубчатых костей, что позволило диагностировать МЭД. В результате анализа секвенирования нового поколения выявлено 7 нуклеотидных вариантов в гене <italic>COMP</italic>, ответственном за возникновение 1‑го типа этой группы заболеваний. Три из выявленных вариантов зарегистрированы впервые. Как и в ранее описанных выборках, в анализируемой выборке пациентов большинство нуклеотидных вариантов (6 из 7) локализовались в области 8–14‑го экзонов гена <italic>COMP </italic>и приводили к аминокислотным заменам в повторах кальмодулиноподобного домена белка, и лишь 1 замена была локализована в С‑концевом участке белковой молекулы.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>МЭД 1‑го типа – генетический вариант скелетных дисплазий, не сопровождающийся значимым снижением роста. У большинства пациентов первыми симптомами заболевания, отмеченными в возрасте 2–3 лет, были нарушение походки, повышенная мышечная утомляемость и приемы Говерса. Наличие этих симптомов наряду с умеренным повышением уровня активности креатинфосфокиназы предшествовало возникновению клинических проявлений скелетной дисплазии, приводя к ошибочной диагностике у пациентов нервно‑мышечного заболевания из группы миопатий. Присоединение к этим симптомам выраженных артралгий приводило к ошибочному диагнозу реактивных артритов. Заподозрить наличие МЭД у пациентов позволяет рентгенологическое исследование длинных трубчатых костей, в результате которого выявляются специфические признаки поражения эпифизов. Для диагностики генетического варианта, обусловленного мутациями в гене <italic>COMP</italic>, необходимо проведение молекулярно‑генетического анализа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene <italic>COMP</italic></kwd><kwd>multiple epiphysal dysplasia</kwd><kwd>myopathy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген <italic>COMP<italic/></italic></kwd><kwd>множественная эпифизарная дисплазия</kwd><kwd>миопатия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	Anthony S., Munk R., Skakun W. et al. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2015;23(3):164–72. 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