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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">488</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2022-12-2-47-63</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Myotonia and myotonic discharges of dystrophic myotonia type 1 at the first decade onset: a literature review and data of the case series</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Миотония и миотонические разряды при дистрофической миотонии 1-го типа с ранним дебютом: обзор литературы и описание серии случаев</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-5222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Aleksandrovich Kurbatov </p><p><italic>10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh 394036; 4 Ilyinka St., Moscow 109012; 24 Lizyukova St., Voronezh 394077</italic></p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Курбатов</p><p><italic>394036 Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; </italic><italic>109012 Москва, ул. Ильинка, 4; </italic><italic>394077 Воронеж, ул. Лизюкова, 24</italic></p></bio><email>kurbatov80@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7651-8485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kenis</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кенис</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>64/68 Parkovaya St., Pushkin, Saint Petersburg 196603</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>196603 Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ул. Парковая, 64–68</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8225-3885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савина</surname><given-names>М. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>64/68 Parkovaya St., Pushkin, Saint Petersburg 196603</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>196603 Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ул. Парковая, 64–68</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-4681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleimenova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клейменова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>114 Lomonosov St., Voronezh 394087</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>394087 Воронеж, ул. Ломоносова, 114</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-2476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Priymak</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приймак</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>114 Lomonosov St., Voronezh 394087</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>394087 Воронеж, ул. Ломоносова, 114</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-5735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>114 Lomonosov St., Voronezh 394087</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>394087 Воронеж, ул. Ломоносова, 114</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-6226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokorina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокорина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>80/1 Khokhryakova St., Tyumen 625048</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>625048 Тюмень, ул. Хохрякова, 80</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-9594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryadninskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряднинская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-8957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchagina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щагина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-1833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poliakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Semantic Hub, Ltd”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Семантик Хаб»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Zdorovyy Rebenok, Ltd”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Здоровый ребенок»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии им. Г.И. Турнера» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">БУЗ ВО «Воронежская областная детская клиническая больница № 1»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital One</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">БУЗ ВО «Воронежская областная детская клиническая больница № 1»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s Treatment and Rehabilitation Center “Nadezhda”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ Тюменской области «Детский лечебно-реабилитационный центр «Надежда»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Kurbatov S.A., Kenis V.M., Savina M.V., Kleimenova I.S., Priymak N.S., Kryukov Y.V., Kokorina A.A., Ryadninskaya N.V., Kuznetsova I.A., Shchagina O.A., Poliakov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Курбатов С.А., Кенис В.М., Савина М.B., Клейменова И.С., Приймак Н.С., Крюков Ю.В., Кокорина А.А., Ряднинская Н.В., Кузнецова И.А., Щагина О.А., Поляков А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurbatov S.A., Kenis V.M., Savina M.V., Kleimenova I.S., Priymak N.S., Kryukov Y.V., Kokorina A.A., Ryadninskaya N.V., Kuznetsova I.A., Shchagina O.A., Poliakov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курбатов С.А., Кенис В.М., Савина М.B., Клейменова И.С., Приймак Н.С., Крюков Ю.В., Кокорина А.А., Ряднинская Н.В., Кузнецова И.А., Щагина О.А., Поляков А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/488">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/488</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Dystrophic myotonia type 1 (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy in patients of any age. Myotonia “delayed relaxation of muscle” is the leading symptom in DM1 and can occur at any time after onset disease. Myotonia symptoms and electrical myotonia registration are delayed after onset in patients with congenital and infantile forms of DM1. This makes it difficult to diagnose and prevent fatal complications in these patients in a timely manner. Objective: presentation of the clinical data and results of needle electromyography in patients with DM1 onset in the first decade of the life; determination of the first symptoms of the disease, to estimate the age of myotonia and electrical myotonia manifestation for the optimization of the timely diagnostics of the disease.Materials and methods. 13 patients with DM1 aged from 2 months to 34 years were described. 10 patients underwent needle electromyography with analysis of spontaneous activity and needle EMG pattern. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and paraclinical manifestations of the disease and identification of an increase in CTG repeats (&gt;50) in the DMPK gene.Results. The onset with extramuscular signs of respiratory and/or feeding disturbances, dysarthria, school learning disorders, autism spectrum disturbance and “floppy infant syndrome” was noted as the first symptoms of the disease. Clinical myotonia symptoms and electrical manifestations of myotonia were absent in all patients for a long time after the disease onset. DM1 was confirmed in all mothers, however in 5 cases the onset of the disease was later than the first symptoms in patients with congenital and childhood onset forms of DM1.Conclusion. The first symptoms of the congenital and infantile forms of DM1 are not specific and occur in a wide range of diseases. Such discriminating signs of DM1 as clinical myotonia, distal muscle atrophy and electrical myotonia appear much later than the onset disease. In the group of patients before and after the formation of phrasal speech, the presented combinations of symptoms allow diagnostics of the congenital and infantile forms of DM1 at the onset of the disease. In its turn, it allows genetic counseling in burdened families and timely prevention of fatal complications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Дистрофическая миотония 1‑го типа (ДМ1) – самая частая по распространенности среди мышечных дистрофий любого возраста. Миотония в виде задержки расслабления скелетной мускулатуры при произвольных движениях является ведущим симптомом при ДМ1. Симптомы миотонии и регистрация электрической миотонии отсрочены после дебюта у пациентов с врожденной/детской формой ДМ1, что затрудняет использование их в своевременной диагностике и проведение профилактики летальных осложнений у пациентов с ранним дебютом.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– представить клинические данные и результаты игольчатой электромиографии больных с дебютом ДМ1 на 1‑м десятилетии жизни, определить первые симптомы заболевания и возраст появления миотонии и электрической миотонии для оптимизации своевременной диагностики заболевания.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Приведено описание 13 больных с ДМ1 в возрасте от 2 мес до 34 лет. 10 больным проведена игольчатая электромиография с анализом спонтанной активности и паттерна поражения скелетных мышц. Диагноз подтверждался на основании клинико‑параклинических проявлений заболевания и увеличения CTG‑повторов &gt;50 в гене <italic>DMPK</italic>.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Дебют с внемышечной симптоматики в виде нарушения дыхания и/или кормления, дизартрии, нарушения обучения в школе, признаков расстройства аутистического спектра и нозологически неспецифического симптомокомплекса «вялого ребенка» отмечен как первые симптомы заболевания. У всех больных клинические симптомы миотонии и электрические проявления миотонии при игольчатой электромиографии появлялись значительно позже после дебюта. У всех матерей подтверждена классическая форма ДМ1, у одной – ювенильная, однако у 5 женщин заболевание дебютировало позже, чем появились первые симптомы при врожденной или детской форме ДМ1 у их детей.</p><p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Первые симптомы при врожденной и детской форме ДМ1 неспецифичны и встречаются при широком спектре заболеваний, а дискриминирующие признаки ДМ1 в виде клинической миотонии, атрофии дистальных мышц и электрической миотонии появляются много позже дебюта. В группе больных до и после формирования фразовой речи представленные комбинации симптомов позволяют диагностировать врожденную и детскую форму ДМ1 в дебюте заболевания и проводить медико‑генетическое консультирование в семьях с отягощенным анамнезом и своевременную профилактику летальных осложнений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dystrophic myotonia</kwd><kwd>myotonic dystrophy</kwd><kwd><italic>DMPK</italic> gene</kwd><kwd>myotonic discharges</kwd><kwd>myotonia</kwd><kwd>needle electromyography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дистрофическая миотония</kwd><kwd>ген <italic>DMPK</italic></kwd><kwd>миотонические разряды</kwd><kwd>миотония</kwd><kwd>игольчатая электромиография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Davis B.M., McCurrach M.E., Taneja K.L. et al. 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