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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">497</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2022-12-3-26-35</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Use of a metaplasticity-based protocol of therapeutic transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis and spasticity: first experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Первый опыт терапевтической транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции при прогрессирующем рассеянном склерозе и спастичности по протоколу, основанному на метапластичности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-3737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya Sergeevich Bakulin</p><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Сергеевич Бакулин</p><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><email>bakulinilya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-1177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poydasheva</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пойдашева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-3107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabirova</surname><given-names>A. H.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забирова</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-8315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoda</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагода</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-2022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rimkevichus</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Римкевичус</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-9968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Bakulin I.S., Poydasheva A.G., Zabirova A.H., Lagoda D.Y., Rimkevichus A.A., Zakharova M.N., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Бакулин И.С., Пойдашева А.Г., Забирова А.Х., Лагода Д.Ю., Римкевичус А.А., Захарова М.Н., Супонева Н.А., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakulin I.S., Poydasheva A.G., Zabirova A.H., Lagoda D.Y., Rimkevichus A.A., Zakharova M.N., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бакулин И.С., Пойдашева А.Г., Забирова А.Х., Лагода Д.Ю., Римкевичус А.А., Захарова М.Н., Супонева Н.А., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/497">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/497</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Spasticity is a disabling syndrome frequently observed in progressive multiple sclerosis. One of the promising approaches to the treatment of spasticity is the use of therapeutic intermittent theta‑burst transcranial magnetic stimulation. In the last time new metaplasticity‑based protocols are being developed in order to increase the effectiveness of this technique. These protocols consist of several stimulation sessions in a day with an interval between sessions. However, there is no experience of use of such protocols in spasticity so far.<bold>Aim</bold>. To assess the safety and tolerability as well as provide first evidence of anti‑spastic effects of an original meta-plasticity‑based intermittent theta‑burst stimulation protocol in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis and spasticity.<bold>Materials and methods</bold>. In total, 5 patients with progressive multiple sclerosis and spasticity (2 females and 3 males, 28–53 y. o., disease duration – 11–18 years, EDSS – 6.5–8.5 points) were included into the study. 3 sessions of stimulation separated by an interval of 1 hour were applied daily, where a single session consisted of 3 protocols of theta‑burst stimulation with standard duration. Stimulation target was the area of cortical representation of the leg muscles, stimulation was applied consequently to both sides during 5 days (15 sessions in total). Before and after the treatment course anti‑spastic effect (modified Ashworth scale) as well as spasticity‑related pain, fatigue and clinical global impression were assessed.<bold>Results</bold>. No serious adverse events were observed during the study. Mild adverse events (sleepiness, pain at the stimulation site) developed in some cases, which did not affect patients’ willing to continue participation in the study. After the stimulation course decrease in spasticity in the legs was registered in 4 of 5 patients (to 12–39 % from the basic level). Decrease of fatigue (4 / 5) and pain severity (3 / 5) was also observed.<bold>Conclusion</bold>. According to the first experience, the proposed original metaplasticity‑based transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol is safe, well‑tolerable and potentially effective in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. Therefore the further investigation of the protocol in a randomized controlled study seems justified.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Спастичность является частым и инвалидизирующим синдромом при прогрессирующем рассеянном склерозе. Одним из перспективных подходов к ее лечению является терапевтическая транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция интермиттирующими тета‑вспышками. С целью увеличения эффективности воздействия в последние годы разрабатываются протоколы, основанные на метапластичности, суть которых состоит в проведении нескольких сессий стимуляции в течение дня с определенным интервалом между ними. При спастичности до настоящего времени опыт применения подобных протоколов в мире отсутствует.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка безопасности и переносимости, а также получение первых данных об антиспастическом эффекте оригинального, основанного на метапластичности, протокола стимуляции тета‑вспышками у пациентов с прогрессирующим рассеянным склерозом и спастичностью.<bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование было включено 5 пациентов с прогрессирующим рассеянным склерозом и спастичностью (2 женщины и 3 мужчин, возраст – 28–53 года, продолжительность заболевания – 11–18 лет, балл по EDSS – 6,5–8,5). Ежедневно проводилось 3 сессии стимуляции с интервалом между сессиями 1 ч, при этом каждая сессия состояла из 3 стандартных по длительности протоколов стимуляции тета‑вспышками. Мишень для стимуляции – область коркового представительства мышц ног, стимуляция проводилась последовательно с 2 сторон в течение 5 дней (всего 15 сессий). До и после курса выполнялась оценка антиспастического эффекта с помощью модифицированной шкалы Эшворта, а также оценка боли, связанной со спастичностью, утомляемости и общего клинического впечатления.<bold>Результаты</bold>. Во время исследования не зарегистрировано серьезных нежелательных явлений. В отдельных случаях развивались легкие нежелательные явления (сонливость, боль в месте стимуляции), не влияющие на желание пациентов продолжать участие в исследовании. После окончания курса стимуляции снижение спастичности в ногах выявлено у 4 из 5 пациентов (на 12–39 % от исходного уровня). Также в большинстве случаев отмечено снижение утомляемости (4 / 5) и боли (3 / 5).<bold>Выводы</bold>. Предложенный оригинальный протокол транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции, основанный на метапластичности, по данным первого опыта его применения на небольшой серии пациентов с прогрессирующим рассеянным склерозом представляется безопасным, хорошо переносимым и потенциально эффективным в отношении спастичности, утомляемости и боли, что оправдывает его дальнейшее изучение в рамках рандомизированного контролируемого исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spasticity</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>neuromodulation</kwd><kwd>non‑invasive brain stimulation</kwd><kwd>metaplasticity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спастичность</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>нейромодуляция</kwd><kwd>неинвазивная стимуляция мозга</kwd><kwd>метапластичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), grant № 21-75-00040, https://rscf.ru/en/project/21-75-00040/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (РНФ) № 21-75-00040, https://rscf.ru/project/21-75-00040/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hugos C.L., Cameron M.H. 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