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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">500</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2022-12-3-52-58</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ РАЗБОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4: case report and review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ювенильный боковой амиотрофический склероз 4-го типа: клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-9367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenskaya</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденская</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Evgenyevna Rudenskaya</p><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Евгеньевна Руденская</p><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-2758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-1271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatokhina</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатохина</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchagina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щагина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова» Минобрнауки России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Rudenskaya G.E., Nikitin S.S., Shatokhina O.L., Shchagina O.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Руденская Г.Е., Никитин С.С., Шатохина О.Л., Щагина О.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rudenskaya G.E., Nikitin S.S., Shatokhina O.L., Shchagina O.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Руденская Г.Е., Никитин С.С., Шатохина О.Л., Щагина О.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/500">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/500</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) presents a group of few rare monogenic disorders with onset from early childhood up to 25 years and much more benign course than “classic” ALS. Autosomal dominant ALS type 4 (ALS4) related to <italic>SETX</italic> gene is one of them. In spite of characteristic combined involvement of central and peripheral motor neurons, ALS4 clinical diagnostics may be difficult, particularly in atypical and/or non‑familial cases and electroneuromyography underestimation. Massive parallel sequencing permits diagnosing majority of cases and performing genetic counselling in families.Aim of this work: to describe non‑familial ALS4 case detected by whole‑exome sequencing and present a review on poorly known disorder.A 21‑year‑old female patient in a consanguineous family was examined; methods: clinical, genealogical, electroneuromyography, peripheral nerves ultrasound; molecular: panel and whole‑exome sequencing, bioinformatical analysis.The girl is an only child and an only patient in a family of Mountain Jews – first cousins. She had spastic paraparesis since age of independent walking (1.5 y.o.) and early feet deformation, her first diagnosis was cerebral palsy. In 12 years spasticity progressed, walking was lost. After orthopedic surgery in 15 years supported walking restored, at that age leg distal amyotrophy developed with no further progressing. Due to electroneuromyography results polyneuropathy was misdiagnosed. In 21 years repeated electroneuromyography excluded polyneuropathy and detected generalized motor neuron impairment and juvenile ALS was suggested. On neurological examination pronounced spastic paraparesis together with peripheral leg paraparesis without sensory impairment were detected; her supported gait was of mixed spastic and paretic types; there were no fasciculations or fibrillations.Whole‑exome sequencing detected a novel heterozygous missense mutation c.4442A&gt;G (p.Lys1481Arg) in <italic>SETX</italic> exon 10. Sanger familial sequencing was not possible, but DNA finding matching the phenotype supported ALS4 diagnosis. Juvenile ALS4 (<italic>SETX</italic> gene) is a relatively benign autosomal dominant disease, imitating in different stages other nervous disorders of early and young age; genealogy is not always informative. Along with typical cases (like our patient) clinical variability exists. Electroneuromyography is the main instrumental tool. Methods of massive parallel sequencing are optimal in DNA testing of juvenile ALS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В структуре бокового амиотрофического склероза (БАС) небольшое, но важное место занимают моногенные ювенильные формы с началом в период от раннего детства до 25 лет и характеризующиеся гораздо более доброкачественным течением, чем многофакторный и поздний моногенный БАС. Одна из редких ювенильных форм – аутосомно‑доминантный БАС 4‑го типа (БАС‑4), связанный с геном сенатаксина <italic>SETX</italic>. Несмотря на характерную картину (сочетанное поражение центральных и периферических мотонейронов), клиническая диагностика БАС‑4 может вызывать трудности, особенно в атипичных и/или несемейных случаях, а также при недостаточном внимании к данным электронейромиографии (ЭНМГ). Высокопроизводительное экзомное секвенирование MPS позволяет диагностировать большинство случаев и проводить медико‑генетическое консультирование в семьях.Цель работы – описать случай БАС‑4, диагностированный методом полноэкзомного секвенирования, и представить обзор литературы, посвященной этой малоизвестной болезни.Обследована пациентка 21 года из инбредной семьи, использованы следующие методы: клинико‑генеалогический, электронейромиография, ультразвуковое исследование периферических нервов, молекулярно‑генетические методы (панельное и полноэкзомное секвенирование, биоинформатический анализ). Девушка – единственный ребенок и единственная больная в семье горских евреев – двоюродных сибсов. С начала ходьбы (1,5 года) отмечались спастический парапарез, ранняя деформация стоп; ходила без опоры; диагностировали детский церебральный паралич. В 12 лет регресс, утратила ходьбу; после ортопедических операций в 15 лет ходит с опорой; с того же возраста наблюдается амиотрофия дистальных отделов ног; прогрессирования нет. По данным ЭНМГ диагностировали полинейропатию. В 21 год при ЭНМГ нейропатия исключена, выявлено поражение сегментарных мотонейронов. В неврологическом статусе: выраженный нижний спастический парапарез в сочетании с периферическим парапарезом без расстройств чувствительности, походка спастико‑паретическая с опорой, фасцикуляций нет. При полноэкзомном секвенировании найдена ранее не описанная гетерозиготная миссенс‑мутация c.4442A&gt;G (p.Lys1481Arg) в экзоне 10 гена <italic>SETX</italic>. Семейная валидация по Сэнгеру была невозможна, но соответствие ДНК-находки фенотипу позволило диагностировать БАС‑4.Ювенильный БАС‑4 (ген <italic>SETX</italic>) – относительно доброкачественное заболевание с аутосомно‑доминантным типом наследования, имитирующее на разных этапах другие нервные болезни детского и юношеского возраста; семейный анамнез не всегда информативен. Наряду с типичными случаями (представленное наблюдение) выражено клиническое разнообразие. ЭНМГ – основное инструментальное исследование. Методы высокопроизводительного экзомного секвенирования оптимальны в ДНК‑диагностике ювенильного БАС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4</kwd><kwd>SETX gene</kwd><kwd>whole‑exome sequencing</kwd><kwd>novel mutation</kwd><kwd>electroneuromyography</kwd><kwd>clinical variability</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ювенильный боковой амиотрофический склероз 4‑го типа</kwd><kwd>ген <italic>SETX</italic></kwd><kwd>полноэкзомное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>новая мутация</kwd><kwd>электронейромиография</kwd><kwd>клиническое разнообразие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia for Research Centre for Medical Genetics with usage of RCMG “Genome” NGS Core Unit.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. 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