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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">507</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2022-12-4-37-45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Adult spinal muscular atrophy: problems of early diagnosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Спинальная мышечная атрофия у взрослых: проблемы ранней диагностики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-583X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpilyukova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпилюкова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Yulia Aleksandrovna Shpilyukova</bold> </p><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Юлия Александровна Шпилюкова</bold>  </p><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><email>jshpilyukova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Shpilyukova Y.A., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Шпилюкова Ю.А., Иллариошкин С.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shpilyukova Y.A., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шпилюкова Ю.А., Иллариошкин С.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/507">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/507</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) associated with chromosome 5q is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease caused by a mutation in the SMN1 gene. Adult forms of SMA are relatively rarer and associated with significant diagnostic difficulties and pronounced delay in diagnosis. The available pathogenetic therapy for SMA has the greatest effect with an earlier start of treatment, so timely diagnosis of the disease significantly improves the overall prognosis.<bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the features of diagnosis of the adult SMA and summarize the first experience of such diagnosis in Russian patients.<bold>Materials and methods.</bold> We analyzed the archived medical records of 50 adult patients with SMA consulted at the Research Center of Neurology (Moscow).<bold>Results.</bold> The data of patients with SMA type 2 (n = 26), SMA type 3 (n = 21), SMA type 4 (n = 3) were analyzed. The delay time for diagnosis in SMA type 2 is 35 (0–270) months, with SMA types 3 and 4 – 108 (0–408) months. The diagnosis of SMA was the first diagnosis in SMA type 2 in 69 % of cases, in SMA types 3 and 4 in 29 % of cases. The most common first diagnosis in patients with SMA is myopathy, accounting for 52 % of all misdiagnosed cases. A small percentage of the use of needle electromyography in the diagnostic process was noted (1/3 of cases); in cases of its use, this did not accelerate the correct diagnosis. Creatine phosphokinase activity is often elevated in patients with SMA types 3 and 4 compared with SMA type 2 (p &lt;0.05). <bold>Conclusions.</bold> To reduce the delay in the correct diagnosis of SMA and earlier initiation of pathogenetic therapy, it is necessary to increase the awareness of specialists about the features of diagnosis the disease and focus on alternative erroneous diagnoses, among which adult patients with SMA may “hide”. The key to confirming the diagnosis is DNA testing.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Спинальная мышечная атрофия (СМА), сцепленная с хромосомой 5q, – аутосомно‑рецессивное нервно‑ мышечное заболевание, обусловленное мутацией гена SMN1. Относительно более редкие формы СМА с дебютом во взрослом возрасте вызывают значительные диагностические трудности и приводят к выраженной задержке постановки диагноза. Доступная патогенетическая терапия СМА оказывает наибольший эффект при более раннем начале лечения, поэтому своевременная диагностика болезни значительно улучшает общий прогноз.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить особенности диагностики взрослой формы СМА и обобщить первый опыт такой диагностики у российских пациентов.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проанализированы архивные медицинские данные 50 взрослых пациентов с СМА, консультированных в ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии» (г. Москва).<bold>Результаты.</bold> Проанализированы данные пациентов с СМА типа 2 (n = 26), типа 3 (n = 21) и типа 4 (n = 3). Время задержки постановки диагноза при СМА типа 2 составляет 35 (0–270) мес, при СМА типа 3 и 4 – 108 (0–408) мес. Диагноз СМА был первым диагнозом при СМА типа 2 в 69 % случаев, при СМА типа 3 и 4 – в 29 % случаев. Наиболее частым первым диагнозом у пациентов с СМА является миопатия – 52 % всех случаев с ошибочным диагнозом. Отмечена небольшая частота использования игольчатой электромиографии в процессе диагностики (1/3 случаев); в случаях ее использования это не ускоряло постановку верного диагноза. Активность креатинфосфокиназы часто повышена у пациентов с СМА типа 3 и 4 по сравнению с СМА типа 2 (p &lt;0,05).<bold>Выводы.</bold> Для уменьшения сроков задержки постановки правильного диагноза СМА и более раннего начала патогенетической терапии необходимы повышение информированности специалистов об особенностях диагностики заболевания и акцентирование их внимания на альтернативных ошибочных диагнозах, которые могут «маскировать» СМА у взрослых пациентов. Ключевым методом подтверждения диагноза является ДНК‑тестирование.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>SMN1</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спинальная мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>SMN1</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>дифференциальный диагноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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