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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">508</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2022-12-4-46-55</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The study of the biomechanical aspects of the act of breathing in patients with myasthenia gravis and motor neuron disease using the ultrasound</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение биомеханических аспектов акта дыхания при миастении гравис и болезни двигательного нейрона с помощью ультразвукового исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2529-8005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rushkevich</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рушкевич</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 F. Skoriny St., Minsk 220114</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>220114 Минск, ул. Ф. Скорины, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9040-5535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galievskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галиевская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Olga Vasylievna Galievskaya</bold> </p><p>24 F. Skoriny St., Minsk 220114</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Ольга Васильевна Галиевская</bold>  </p><p>220114 Минск, ул. Ф. Скорины, 24</p></bio><email>Olga-mx@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernenko</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черненко</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 F. Skoriny St., Minsk 220114</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>220114 Минск, ул. Ф. Скорины, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-042X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhachev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихачев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 F. Skoriny St., Minsk 220114</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>220114 Минск, ул. Ф. Скорины, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Research and Clinical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр неврологии и нейрохирургии» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Rushkevich Y.N., Galievskaya O.V., Chernenko N.I., Likhachev S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Рушкевич Ю.Н., Галиевская О.В., Черненко Н.И., Лихачев С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rushkevich Y.N., Galievskaya O.V., Chernenko N.I., Likhachev S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рушкевич Ю.Н., Галиевская О.В., Черненко Н.И., Лихачев С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/508">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/508</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> As motor neuron disease (MND) and myasthenia gravis (MG) progress, the respiratory muscles are involved in the pathological process with the development of respiratory failure, which is one of the main causes of death. Respiratory disorders due to weakness and pathological muscle fatigue are often diagnosed with a delay, which is associated with the moderation of changes in the early stages of the disease. The ultrasound examination is one of the additional methods for diagnosing dysfunction of the respiratory muscles, however, the lack of methodological recommendations leads to the heterogeneity of diagnostic data.<bold>Aim.</bold> To identify subclinical signs of impaired function of the respiratory muscles in the early stages of the development of MND and MG using ultrasound.<bold>Results.</bold> Ultrasonography was performed in 19 (44 %) patients with MND and 24 (56 %) with MG; the comparison group consisted of 35 healthy volunteers. Diagnostics was carried out with application of an Philips HD11 XE device (Philips, USA), using a linear transducer with a frequency of 5–12 MHz and a convex transducer of 2–5 MHz. Compared with the control, patients with MND showed a statistically significant decrease in the following parameters: diaphragm thickness, diaphragm movement amplitude, intercostal spaces, kidney right and left respiratory mobility during calm and deep breathing, and the diaphragm thickening coefficient on the left (U, р &lt;0.05). Patients with MG showed a statistically significant decrease in the amplitude of diaphragm movement during deep breathing on the right, the size of the intercostal spaces during deep breathing on the left, and the coefficient of diaphragm thickening on the left (U, p &lt;0.05).<bold>Conclusions.</bold> The obtained data reflect the presence of functional and structural changes in the respiratory muscles, caused by their weakness. Ultrasound signs of dysfunction of the respiratory muscles were established, indicating the presence of pathological fatigue and/or weakness of the respiratory muscles, which may indicate either developing or developed respiratory failure. Ultrasound is a non‑invasive, inexpensive and safe diagnostic method and can be a good and convenient way to detect dysfunction of the respiratory muscles, and in some cases can be an additional diagnostic method (for example, when correct spirometry is difficult to perform due to the presence of bulbar disorders in MND and MG).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> По мере прогрессирования болезни двигательного нейрона и миастении в патологический процесс вовлекаются дыхательные мышцы с развитием дыхательной недостаточности, которая является одной из основных причин смерти. Дыхательные нарушения, обусловленные слабостью и патологической мышечной утомляемостью мышц, часто диагностируются с задержкой, что связано с умеренностью изменений на ранних стадиях болезни. Ультразвуковое исследование дыхательных мышц является одним из дополнительных методов диагностики дыхательных нарушений.<bold>Цель работы</bold> – выявление субклинических признаков нарушения функции дыхательных мышц на ранних стадиях развития болезни мотонейрона и миастении с помощью ультразвукового исследования.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Ультразвуковое исследование было выполнено у 19 (44 %) пациентов с болезнью мотонейрона и 24 (56 %) пациентов с миастенией; группу сравнения составили 35 здоровых добровольцев. Диагностика проводилась на аппарате Philips HD11 XE (Philips, США) с линейным датчиком 5–12 МГц и конвексным датчиком 2–5 МГц.<bold>Выводы.</bold> По сравнению с группой контроля у пациентов с болезнью мотонейрона выявлено статистически значимое уменьшение толщины диафрагмы, амплитуды движения диафрагмы, величины межреберных промежутков, дыхательной подвижности почек справа и слева при спокойном и глубоком дыхании, а также коэффициента утолщения диафрагмы слева (U, р &lt;0,05). У пациентов с миастенией выявлено статистически значимое уменьшение амплитуды движения диафрагмы при глубоком дыхании справа, величины межреберных промежутков при глубоком дыхании слева и коэффициента утолщения диафрагмы слева (U, р &lt;0,05).<bold>Выводы.</bold> Полученные данные отражают наличие функциональных и структурных изменений в исследованных мышцах, что обусловлено их слабостью. Установлены ультразвуковые признаки нарушения функции дыхательных мышц, свидетельствующие о наличии патологической утомляемости и/или слабости дыхательных мышц, что может указывать на развивающуюся или уже развившуюся респираторную недостаточность. Ультразвуковое исследование является доступным неинвазивным методом дополнительной диагностики дисфункции респираторной мускулатуры, особенно при бульбарных нарушениях у пациентов с болезнью мотонейрона и миастенией, когда проведение спирометрии затруднено.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ultrasound examination</kwd><kwd>diaphragm</kwd><kwd>respiratory mobility of the kidneys</kwd><kwd>intercostal spaces</kwd><kwd>motor neuron disease</kwd><kwd>myasthenia gravis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>диафрагма</kwd><kwd>дыхательная подвижность почек</kwd><kwd>межреберные промежутки</kwd><kwd>болезнь двигательного нейрона</kwd><kwd>миастения гравис</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Ambrosino N., Carpenè N., Gherardi M. Chronic respiratory care for neuromuscular diseases in adults. 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