<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">523</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2023-13-1-22-32</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prospects of etiopathogenetic treatment of Huntington’s disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы этиопатогенетического лечения болезни Гентингтона</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-9992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondakova</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондакова</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Olga Borisovna Kondakova,</bold></p><p>Build. 1, 2 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Ольга Борисовна Кондакова,</bold></p><p>119991 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><email>kondakova.ob@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-7198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demyanov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демьянов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-8909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasivskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красивская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1584-4604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demyanov</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демьянов</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-5869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenkin</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенкин</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 2 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5978-854X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 2 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-7851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyalina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лялина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 2 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-0114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radkevich</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радкевич</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4885-4171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostyanov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостьянов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 2 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет) Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kondakova O.B., Demyanov S.V., Krasivskaya A.V., Demyanov G.V., Grebenkin D.I., Davydova Y.I., Lyalina A.A., Radkevich E.R., Savostyanov K.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Кондакова О.Б., Демьянов С.В., Красивская А.В., Демьянов Г.В., Гребенкин Д.И., Давыдова Ю.И., Лялина А.А., Радкевич Е.Р., Савостьянов К.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kondakova O.B., Demyanov S.V., Krasivskaya A.V., Demyanov G.V., Grebenkin D.I., Davydova Y.I., Lyalina A.A., Radkevich E.R., Savostyanov K.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кондакова О.Б., Демьянов С.В., Красивская А.В., Демьянов Г.В., Гребенкин Д.И., Давыдова Ю.И., Лялина А.А., Радкевич Е.Р., Савостьянов К.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/523">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/523</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Huntington’s disease is a serious inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by of motor, cognitive and psychiatric features. The disease is caused by an abnormally expanded CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene and the production of mutant huntingtin protein.</p><p>The disease usually manifests in adulthood, but the manifestation in childhood and youth is also described, which is noted in 5–10 % of cases. The disease predominantly affects the neostriatum, resulting in a characteristic clinical picture.</p><p>The most promising approaches to etiotropic therapy of Huntington’s disease are a number of DNA- (CRISPR/Cas9 system) and RNA-directed methods (antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference), methods that directly reduce the level of mutant gentingtin (chimera molecules), as well as approaches based on inactivating the DNA mismatch repair system using the FAN1 enzyme. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Болезнь Гентингтона – тяжелое наследственное нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся развитием двигательных, когнитивных и психических нарушений. Заболевание обусловлено увеличением числа тринуклеотидных CAG-повторов в гене <italic>HTT</italic> и продукцией мутантного белка гентингтина, обычно проявляется во взрослом возрасте, но в 5–10 % случаев описана также манифестация в детском и юношеском возрасте. Болезнь Гентингтона преимущественно затрагивает неостриатум, что вызывает характерную клиническую картину.</p><p>Наиболее перспективными подходами к этиотропной терапии болезни Гентингтона являются ряд ДНК- (CRISPR/Cas9-система) и РНК-направленных методов (антисмысловые олигонуклеотиды, РНК-интерференция), методы, непосредственно снижающие уровень мутантного гентингтина (молекулы-химеры), а также подходы, основанные на инактивации системы восстановления несоответствия ДНК с использованием фермента FAN1.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Huntington’s disease</kwd><kwd>genome editing</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>antisense oligonucleotides</kwd><kwd>RNA interference</kwd><kwd>PROTAC</kwd><kwd>stem cells</kwd><kwd>FAN1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Гентингтона</kwd><kwd>генное редактирование</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>антисмысловые олигонуклеотиды</kwd><kwd>РНК-интерференция</kwd><kwd>PROTAC</kwd><kwd>стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>FAN1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bakels H.S., Roos R.A.C., van Roon-Mom W.M.C. et al. Juvenileonset huntington disease pathophysiology and neurodevelopment: a review. Mov Disord 2022;37(1):16–24. DOI: 10.1002/mds.28823</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Клюшников С.А. Болезнь Гентингтона. Неврологический журнал им. Л.О. Бадаляна 2020;1(3):139–58. DOI: 10.17816/2686-8997-2020-1-3-139-158 Klyushnikov S.A. Huntington’s disease. Mevrologicheskiy zhurnal im. L.O. Badalyana = L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal 2020;1(3):139–58. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/2686-8997-2020-1-3-139-158</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Jarosińska O.D., Rüdiger S.G.D. Molecular strategies to target protein aggregation in Huntington’s disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021;8:769184. DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.769184</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Sharon I., Sharon R., Wilkens J.P. et al. Huntington disease dementia. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/289706overview?reg=1&amp;icd=login_success_email_match_norm#a6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Caron N.S., Wright G.E.B., Hayden M.R. Huntington disease. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1305/.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Tabrizi S.J., Ghosh R., Leavitt B.R. Huntingtin lowering strategies for disease modification in Huntington’s disease. Neuron 2019;101(5):801–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.039</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Fields E., Vaughan E., Tripu D. et al. Gene targeting techniques for Huntington's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021;70:101385. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101385</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Shannon K.M. Recent Advances in the treatment of Huntington’s disease: targeting DNA and RNA. CNS Drugs 2020;34(3):219–28. DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00695-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Świtońska-Kurkowska K., Krist B., Delimata J. et al. Juvenile Huntington’s disease and other PolyQ diseases, update on neurodevelopmental character and comparative bioinformatic review of transcriptomic and proteomic data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021;9:642773. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642773</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Beatriz M., Lopes C., Ribeiro A.C.S. et al. Revisiting cell and gene therapies in Huntington’s disease. J Neurosci Res 2021;99(7):1744–62. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24845</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kumar A., Kumar V., Singh K. et al. Therapeutic advances for Huntington’s disease. Brain Sci 2020;10(1):43. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010043</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Frank W., Lindenberg K.S., Mühlbäck A. et al. Krankheitsmodifizierende Therapieansätze bei der Huntington-Krankheit: Blicke zurück und Blicke voraus [Disease-modifying treatment approaches in Huntington disease : Past and future]. Nervenarzt 2022;93(2):179–90. DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01224-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Vachey G., Déglon N. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated genome editing for Huntington’s disease. Methods Mol Biol 2018;1780:463–81. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7825-0_21</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Marxreiter F., Stemick J., Kohl Z. Huntington lowering strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21(6):2146. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062146</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Dabrowska M., Juzwa W., Krzyzosiak W.J. et al. Precise excision of the CAG tract from the Huntingtin gene by Cas9 nickases. Front Neurosci 2018;12:75. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00075</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Kolli N., Lu M., Maiti P. et al. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genesilencing of the mutant huntingtin gene in an in vitro model of Huntington’s disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18(4):754. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040754</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Pfister E.L., Kennington L., Straubhaar J. et al. Five siRNAs targeting three SNPs may provide therapy for three-quarters of Huntington’s disease patients. Curr Biol 2009;19(9):774–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.030</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Vigont V.A., Grekhnev D.A., Lebedeva O.S. et al. STIM2 mediates excessive store-operated calcium entry in patient-specific iPSCderived neurons modeling a juvenile form of Huntington’s disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021;9:625231. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625231</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Harding R.J., Tong Y.F. Proteostasis in Huntington’s disease: disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018;39(5):754–69. DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.11</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Monk R., Connor B. Cell Replacement therapy for Huntington’s disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020;1266:57–69. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4370-8_5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Goold R., Hamilton J., Menneteau T. et al. FAN1 controls mismatch repair complex assembly via MLH1 retention to stabilize CAG repeat expansion in Huntington’s disease. Cell Rep 2021;36(9):109649. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109649</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Wheeler V.C., Dion V. Modifiers of CAG/CTG repeat instability: insights from mammalian models. J Huntingtons Dis 2021;10(1):123–48. DOI: 10.3233/JHD-200426</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Fjodorova M., Louessard M., Li Z. et al. CTIP2-regulated reduction in PKA-dependent DARPP32 phosphorylation in human medium spiny neurons: implications for Huntington disease. Stem Cell Rep 2019;13(3):448–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.07.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Paulsen J.S. Early detection of Huntington disease. Future Neurol 2010;5(1):10.2217/fnl.09.78. DOI: 10.2217/fnl.09.78</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Illarioshkin S.N. Huntington’s disease as a model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Byulleten Nacionalnogo obschestva po izucheniyu bolezni Parkinsona i rasstroystv dvizheniy = National Society for the Study of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Bulletin 2016;(1):3–11. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иллариошкин С.Н. Болезнь Гентингтона как модель для изучения нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Бюллетень Национального общества по изучению болезни Паркинсона и расстройств движений 2016;(1):3–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Akrich M., Paterson F., Rabeharisoa V. Social and ethical issues regarding presymptomatic diagnosis: a literature review. Available at: https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03040870/ document.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
