<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">554</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2023-13-3-10-17</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute flaccid myelitis cases in children registered in the Russian Federation in 2015–2019</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-эпидемиологическая характеристика зарегистрированных в Российской Федерации в 2015–2019 гг. случаев острого вялого миелита у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-3631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakaryan</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакарян</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Armen Karenovich Shakaryan</p><p>Build. 1, Household 8, Settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moskovskiy Settlement, Moscow 108819</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Армен Каренович Шакарян</p><p>108819 Москва, поселение Московский, поселок Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><email>armen2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-5282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaletdinova</surname><given-names>I. Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белялетдинова</surname><given-names>И. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Nauchnyy Proezd, Moscow 117246</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>17246 Москва, Научный проезд, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhgildyan</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахгильдян</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, Household 8, Settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moskovskiy Settlement, Moscow 108819</p><p>63 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>108819 Москва, поселение Московский, поселок Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1</p><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 63</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-4827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, Household 8, Settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moskovskiy Settlement, Moscow 108819</p><p>Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>108819 Москва, поселение Московский, поселок Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-872X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremeeva</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремеева</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, Household 8, Settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moskovskiy Settlement, Moscow 108819</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>108819 Москва, поселение Московский, поселок Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1979-4141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gmyl</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гмыль</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, Household 8, Settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moskovskiy Settlement, Moscow 108819</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>108819 Москва, поселение Московский, поселок Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baykova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байкова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, Household 8, Settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moskovskiy Settlement, Moscow 108819</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>108819 Москва, поселение Московский, поселок Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafina</surname><given-names>A. N.-I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафина</surname><given-names>А. Н.-И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, Household 8, Settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moskovskiy Settlement, Moscow 108819</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>108819 Москва, поселение Московский, поселок Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-1035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlovskaya</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козловская</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, Household 8, Settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moskovskiy Settlement, Moscow 108819</p><p>Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>108819 Москва, поселение Московский, поселок Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-biological Products RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М.П. Чумакова РАН» (Институт полиомиелита)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Научно-исследовательский институт системной биологии и медицины» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Инфекционная клиническая больница № 1 ДЗМ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Shakaryan A.K., Belyaletdinova I.K., Shakhgildyan S.V., Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Gmyl A.P., Baykova O.Y., Mustafina A.N., Kozlovskaya L.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Шакарян А.К., Белялетдинова И.Х., Шахгильдян С.В., Иванова О.Е., Еремеева Т.П., Гмыль А.П., Байкова О.Ю., Мустафина А.Н., Козловская Л.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shakaryan A.K., Belyaletdinova I.K., Shakhgildyan S.V., Ivanova O.E., Eremeeva T.P., Gmyl A.P., Baykova O.Y., Mustafina A.N., Kozlovskaya L.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шакарян А.К., Белялетдинова И.Х., Шахгильдян С.В., Иванова О.Е., Еремеева Т.П., Гмыль А.П., Байкова О.Ю., Мустафина А.Н., Козловская Л.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/554">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/554</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute flaccid myelitis is a syndrome characterized as the development of acute flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs due to lesions of the anterior horns of the spinal cord, which occurs against the background of a viral infection. More than 300 acute flaccid paralysis cases are registered in the Russian Federation annually, most of them are of a non-infectious etiology. In some cases, patients develop a complex of symptoms similar to poliomyelitis, but without isolation of polioviruses from stool samples. Clinical characteristics of such cases include acute onset, fever, persistent peripheral asymmetric paresis/paralysis of predominantly proximal parts of the limbs, and absence of pathological reflexes, pelvic disturbances, or pyramidal symptoms. In literature, such complex of symptoms is referred as acute flaccid myelitis. We provide an analysis of 18 cases of acute flaccid myelitis detected in the Russian Federation in the period from 2015 to 2019. A clear seasonality of the disease from July to November was noted. Studies of faecal samples, cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples did not reveal the pathogen. In all patients, regardless of therapy, there was a positive trend, but complete recovery was not achieved: paresis of varying severity persisted, mainly in the proximal extremities Therefore, acute flaccid myelitis cases as acute flaccid paralysis cases of unknown etiology require an additional observation and an expanded algorithm of laboratory investigation aimed to finding a possible pathogen.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Острый вялый миелит – синдромокомплекс, характеризующийся развитием острого вялого паралича одной или нескольких конечностей вследствие поражения передних рогов спинного мозга, возникающего на фоне вирусной инфекции. Ежегодно в РФ регистрируется &gt;300 случаев острого вялого паралича, подавляющее большинство из них имеют неинфекционную этиологию. В ряде случаев у пациентов развивается комплекс симптомов, сходных с полиомиелитом, но без выделения полиовирусов из образцов стула. Клинические характеристики таких случаев включают острое начало заболевания, лихорадку, наличие стойкого периферического асимметричного пареза/паралича преимущественно проксимальных отделов конечностей при отсутствии патологических рефлексов, тазовых нарушений или пирамидных симптомов. В зарубежной литературе этот симптомокомплекс получил название «острый вялый миелит».</p><p>В статье приводится анализ 18 случаев острого вялого миелита, выявленных в РФ в период с 2015 по 2019 г. Отмечена четкая сезонность болезни с июля по ноябрь. Исследования образцов фекалий, цереброспинальной жидкости и крови не выявили возбудителя. У всех пациентов независимо от терапии отмечалась положительная динамика, но полного восстановления добиться не удалось: сохранялись парезы разной степени выраженности, преимущественно проксимальных отделов конечностей.</p><p>Таким образом, случаи острого вялого миелита, определяемые как случаи острого вялого паралича неизвестной этиологии, требуют дополнительного наблюдения и расширенного алгоритма лабораторных исследований, направленных на поиск возможного этиологического агента.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute flaccid paralysis</kwd><kwd>acute flaccid myelitis</kwd><kwd>poliovirus</kwd><kwd>non-polio enterovirus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый вялый паралич</kwd><kwd>острый вялый миелит</kwd><kwd>полиовирус</kwd><kwd>неполиоэнтеровирус</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">State budget financing</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное финансирование</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Messacar K., Asturias E.J., Hixon A.M. et al. Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis-evaluating the evidence for causality. Lancet Infect Dis 2018;18(8):e239–e247. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30094-X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Messacar K., Schreiner T.L., Van Haren K. et al. Acute flaccid myelitis: A clinical review of US cases 2012-2015. Ann Neurol 2016;80(3):326–38. DOI: 10.1002/ana.24730</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Moline H., Kalaskar A., Pomputius W.F. et al. Notes from the Field: Six cases of acute flaccid myelitis in children – Minnesota, 2018. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68(15):356–8. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6815a4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ayers T., Lopez A., Lee A. et al. Acute flaccid myelitis in the United States: 2015–2017. Pediatrics 2019;144(5):e20191619. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1619</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanova O.E., Shakaryan A.K., Morozova N.S. et al. Cases of acute flaccid paralysis associated with coxsackievirus A2: Findings of a 20-year surveillance in the Russian Federation. Microorganisms 2022;10(1):112–23. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010112</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Hixon A.M., Yu G., Leser J.S. et al. A mouse model of paralytic myelitis caused by enterovirus D68. PLoS Pathog 2017;13(2):e1006199. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006199</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Dickson C., Ho Mi Fane B., Squires S.G. Acute flaccid myelitis in Canada, 2018 to 2019. Can Commun Dis Rep 2020;46(10):349–53. DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v46i10a07</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ünver O., Türkdoğan D., Güler S. et al. Acute flaccid myelitis outbreak through 2016–2018: A multicenter experience from Turkey. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021;30:113–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.10.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Lang M., Mirand A., Savy N. et al. Acute flaccid paralysis following enterovirus D68 associated pneumonia, France, 2014. Euro Surveill 2014;19(44):20952. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.44.20952</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Pfeiffer H.C., Bragstad K., Skram M.K. et al. Two cases of acute severe flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 infection in children, Norway, autumn 2014. Euro Surveill 2015;20(10): 21062. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.10.21062</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Varghese R., Iyer A., Hunter K. et al. Sampling the upper respiratory tract for enteroviral infection is important in the investigation of an acute neurological illness in children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015;19(4):494, 495. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.03.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Crone M., Tellier R., Wei X.C. et al. Polio-like illness associated with outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection in children. J Child Neurol 2016;31(4):409–14. DOI: 10.1177/0883073815596613</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Hixon A.M., Frost J., Rudy M.J. et al. Understanding rnterovirus D68-induced neurologic disease: A basic science review. Viruses 2019;11(9):821–38. DOI: 10.3390/v11090821</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Murphy O.C., Messacar K., Benson L. et al. Acute flaccid myelitis: cause, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 2021;397(10271):334–46. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32723-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization (WHO). Manual for the virological investigation of polio. 4th edn. Geneva, Switzerland, 2004. Available online: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/WHO_IVB_04.10.pdf.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butakova L.V., Trocenko O.E., Sapega E.Yu. Enterovirus infection: an overview of the situation in the world at the present stage in the context of increased migration processes. Zdorovye naseleniya i sreda obotaniya = Public Health and Habitat 2018;4(301):55–60. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бутакова Л.В., Троценко О.Е., Сапега Е.Ю. Энтеровирусная инфекция: обзор ситуации в мире на современном этапе в условиях активизации миграционных процессов. Здоровье населения и среда обитания 2018;4(301):55–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Park S.W., Pons-Salort M., Messacar K. et al. Epidemiological dynamics of enterovirus D68 in the United States and implications for acute flaccid myelitis. Sci Transl Med 2021;13(584):eabd2400. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd2400</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Schubert R.D., Hawes I.A., Ramachandran P.S. et al. Pan-viral serology implicates enteroviruses in acute flaccid myelitis. Nat Med 2019;25(11):1748–752. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0613-120.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Hedrera-Fernandez A., Cancho-Candela R., Arribas-Arceredillo M. et al. Outbreak of enterovirus infection with neurological presentations in a pediatric population in Northern Spain: A clinical observational study. Neuropediatrics 2021;52(3):192–200. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725008</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
