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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">587</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2024-14-1-25-33</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Small fiber damage in patients with chemo-induced polyneuropathy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Поражение тонких волокон у пациентов с химиоиндуцированной полинейропатией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-0193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Alekseevna Tikhonova</p><p>14 Aleksandra Nevskogo St., Kaliningrad 236016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Алексеевна Тихонова</p><p>236016 Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, 1</p></bio><email>offelia78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-0867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150000 Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-1311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuchina</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тучина</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14 Aleksandra Nevskogo St., Kaliningrad 236016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>236016 Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-458X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14 Aleksandra Nevskogo St., Kaliningrad 236016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>236016 Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-7877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doktorova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Докторова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14 Aleksandra Nevskogo St., Kaliningrad 236016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>236016 Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, 1</p><p>000-0001-5858-7877</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0536-238X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgaleva</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгалева</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>74 Klinicheskaya St., Kaliningrad 236016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>236016 Калининград, ул. Клиническая, 74</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-4713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tynterova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тынтерова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14 Aleksandra Nevskogo St., Kaliningrad 236016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>236016 Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Imannuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ КО «Областная клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-01"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-01"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Tikhonova O.A., Druzhinin D.S., Tuchina O.P., Vinogradova A.V., Doktorova S.A., Dolgaleva M.I., Tynterova A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Тихонова О.А., Дружинин Д.С., Тучина О.П., Виноградова А.В., Докторова С.А., Долгалева М.И., Тынтерова А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhonova O.A., Druzhinin D.S., Tuchina O.P., Vinogradova A.V., Doktorova S.A., Dolgaleva M.I., Tynterova A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихонова О.А., Дружинин Д.С., Тучина О.П., Виноградова А.В., Докторова С.А., Долгалева М.И., Тынтерова А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/587">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/587</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The development of neuropathic pain in chemotherapy‑induced polyneuropathy, is one of the complications of chemotherapy (CT). Especially often it develops after treatment with platinum and taxane drugs. The lesion of thin fibers is an important component of the painful form of polyneuropathy. Since electroneuromyographic examination does not confirm the lesion of thin nerve fibers, this diagnosis is often difficult to confirm in clinical practice, based mainly on subjective assessment of complaints, sensitivity, and the use of questionnaires. Skin biopsy is a validated method for determining intraepidermal nerve fiber density and can be considered for the diagnosis of distal sensory neuropathy, especially small fiber neuropathy. Given the difficulty in assessing small fiber damage, the prevalence and pathophysiology of small fiber neuropathy in cancer patients remain poorly understood.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To evaluate the changes in the number of thin fibers in patients with chemotherapy‑induced polyneuropathy and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and pelvic organs (PO), as well as to analyze the relationship of fiber density with clinical and neurophysiological parameters and neuropathic pain syndrome.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The study included 34 patients over 18 years old, divided equally into two groups: the first group – patients with GIT organs cancer, in which oxaliplatin was the main drug; the second group – patients with PO cancer, in which paclitaxel/docetaxel was the main drug. Patients were examined before and after CT. Exclusion criteria were the presence in the history of complaints that allowed suspecting pathologic conditions potentially capable of causing peripheral nerve damage. All patients underwent electroneuromyography with SRAR index calculation and skin biopsy, as well as assessment of neuropathic pain using scales (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0, Visual Analogue Scale) and questionnaires (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions, Small fiber neuropathy – symptoms inventory questionnaire). Statistical processing was performed using the GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 program package. Quantitative variables were evaluated using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Correlation analysis between intraepidermal nerve fiber density clinical scales and neurophysiological data was evaluated using Spearman coefficient.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>31 patients (14 patients with GIT organs cancer, 17 patients with PO cancer) completed the full cycle of examination before and after СT, 3 patients with GIT organs cancer dropped out of the study due to death. The mean age was 58.0 ± 11.5 years (23–70 years), of which elderly patients (over 60 years old) were 16 (51<italic> </italic>%). Wilcoxon signed rank test for pairs showed a significant difference between intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the group of patients with GIT organs cancer before and after CT (<italic>p = </italic>0.02), and no significant difference in patients with PO cancer before and after CT (<italic>p = </italic>0.37). Statistically significant differences in the amplitude of the sensory potential (S‑response) of the superficial peroneal nerve in patients with PO cancer (<italic>p</italic> <italic>p = </italic>0.0002) and of the calf nerve in patients with PO cancer (<italic>p = </italic>0.0001) and GIT organs cancer (<italic>p = </italic>0.0017) before and after CT were obtained. Also, SRAR index before and after CT showed a significant difference for both PO (<italic>p = </italic>0.0017) and GIT organs cancer (<italic>p = </italic>0.0245). Spearman correlation analysis found no significant correlations between intraepidermal nerve fiber density density and the results of electroneuromyography as well as major scales.</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Small fiber neuropathy is part of mixed sensory neuropathy in patients with chemotherapy‑induced polyneuropathy and occurs more often with the use of oxaliplatin in patients with GIT organs cancer. Identification of patients with pain symptoms and the presence of small fiber neuropathy in the future will help develop an individual approach to the management of this group of patients, and the wider use of skin biopsy techniques will help in the study of reinnervation processes, which is especially important in the development of new therapeutic targets aimed at eliminating nerve damage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Развитие нейропатической боли при химиоиндуцированной полинейропатии является одним из осложнений химиотерапии (ХТ). Особенно часто она развивается на фоне применения препаратов платины и таксанов. Поражение тонких волокон является важной составляющей болевой формы полинейропатии. Поскольку электронейромиографическое исследование не подтверждает поражение тонких нервных волокон, этот диагноз часто бывает трудно подтвердить в клинической практике, основываясь в основном на субъективной оценке жалоб, чувствительности и использовании опросников. Биопсия кожи является проверенным методом определения плотности интраэпидермальных нервных волокон и может рассматриваться для диагностики дистальной сенсорной нейропатии, особенно нейропатии тонких волокон. Учитывая сложности оценки повреждения тонких волокон, распространенность и патофизиология нейропатии тонких волокон у онкологических пациентов остаются плохо изученными.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– оценить изменения количества тонких волокон у пациентов с химиоиндуцированной полинейропатией на примере пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями органов желудочно‑кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) и малого таза (МТ), проанализировать взаимосвязь плотности волокон с клинико‑нейрофизиологическими показателями и нейропатическим болевым синдромом.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В исследование включено 34 пациента старше 18 лет, разделенных поровну на 2 группы: 1‑я группа – пациенты со злокачественным новообразованием (ЗНО) органов ЖКТ, у которых основным препаратом был оксалиплатин; 2‑я группа – пациенты со ЗНО органов МТ, у которых основным препаратом был паклитаксел/ доцетаксел. Обследование пациентов проводилось до и после ХТ. Критерием исключения было наличие в анамнезе жалоб, позволяющих заподозрить у пациентов патологические состояния, потенциально способные вызвать поражение периферических нервов. Всем пациентам проведены электронейромиография с расчетом индекса SRAR и биопсия кожи, а также оценка нейропатической боли и нейротоксичности с использованием шкал (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0, Visual Analogue Scale) и опросников (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions, Small fiber neuropathy – symptoms inventory questionnaire). Статистическая обработка выполнена с помощью пакета программы GraphPad Prism 8.0.1. Количественные переменные оценивались с использованием теста Колмогорова–Смирнова. Корреляционный анализ между плотностью интраэпидермальных нервных волокон, показателями клинических шкал и нейрофизиологическими данными проводили с помощью коэффициента Спирмена.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Полный цикл обследования до и после ХТ завершил 31 пациент (14 пациентов cо ЗНО органов ЖКТ, 17 – cо ЗНО органов МТ), 3 больных раком ЖКТ выбыли из исследования в результате смерти. Средний возраст пациентов составил 58,0 ± 11,5 года (23–70 лет), из них лиц пожилого возраста (старше 60 лет) было 16 (51<italic> </italic>%). Знаковый ранговый тест Вилкоксона для пар показал достоверную разницу в плотности интраэпидермальных нервных волокон в группе пациентов со ЗНО органов ЖКТ до и после ХТ (<italic>р = </italic>0,02) и отсутствие достоверной разницы в плотности интраэпидермальных нервных волокон у пациентов со ЗНО органов МТ до и после ХТ (<italic>р = </italic>0,37). Получены статистически значимые различия в значениях до и после ХТ амплитуды сенсорного потенциала (S‑ответа) поверхностного малоберцового нерва у пациентов со ЗНО органов МТ (<italic>p = </italic>0,0002) и икроножного нерва у пациентов со ЗНО органов МТ (<italic>p = </italic>0,0001) и органов ЖКТ (<italic>p = </italic>0,0017). Также индекс SRAR до и после ХТ продемонстрировал достоверную разницу как для органов МТ (<italic>p = </italic>0,0017), так и для органов ЖКТ (<italic>p = </italic>0,0245). Корреляционный анализ Спирмена не обнаружил достоверных корреляций между плотностью интраэпидермальных нервных волокон и результатами электронейромиографии, а также основных шкал.</p><p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Нейропатия тонких волокон является частью смешанной сенсорной нейропатии у пациентов с химиоиндуцированной полинейропатией и чаще возникает при применении оксалиплатина у больных раком органов ЖКТ.</p><p>Выявление пациентов с болевой симптоматикой и наличием нейропатии тонких волокон в будущем позволит разработать индивидуальный подход ведения данной группы пациентов, а более широкое применение техники биопсии кожи поможет в изучении процессов реиннервации, что особенно важно при разработке новых терапевтических мишеней, направленных на устранение повреждений нервов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fine fiber polyneuropathy</kwd><kwd>intraepidermal nerve fibers</kwd><kwd>neuropathic pain</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тонковолоконная полинейропатия</kwd><kwd>интраэпидермальные нервные волокна</kwd><kwd>нейропатическая боль</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported from the Russian Federal Academic Leadership Program “Priority 2030” at the Imannuel Kant Baltic Federal University.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа была поддержана из средств программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. 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