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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">599</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2024-14-2-12-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cognitive and emotional disturbances in adult patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Когнитивные и эмоциональные нарушения у взрослых пациентов с миотонической дистрофией 1-го типа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-1706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Erokhina</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерохина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta Konstantinovna Erokhina </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Константиновна Ерохина </p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><email>erokhina0310@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-1352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamtieva</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамтиева</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 10, 27 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 27, корп. 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-836X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-578X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakov</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаков</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-5222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh 394036</p><p>112 Bolshaya Kazachya St., Saratov 410012</p><p>24 Generala Lizyukova St., Voronezh 394077</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>394036 Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10</p><p>410012 Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, 112</p><p>394077 Воронеж, ул. Генерала Лизюкова, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7693-5281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlikova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павликова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 10, 27 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 27, корп. 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-0193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>60 9 Aprelya St., Kaliningrad 236035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>236035 Калининград, ул. 9 Апреля, 60</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-4926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mershina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мершина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 10, 27 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 27, корп. 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5649-2193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 10, 27 Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 27, корп. 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlodavets</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Влодавец</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Medical Scientific and Educational Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский научно-образовательный центр ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной биологии и медицины ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">LLC “Healthy Child”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Здоровый ребенок»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University Clinic of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетская клиника ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Erokhina E.K., Shamtieva K.V., Melnik E.A., Kazakov D.O., Kurbatov S.A., Pavlikova E.P., Tikhonova O.A., Mershina E.A., Sinitsyn V.E., Vlodavets D.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Ерохина Е.К., Шамтиева К.В., Мельник Е.А., Казаков Д.О., Курбатов С.А., Павликова Е.П., Тихонова О.А., Мершина Е.А., Синицын В.Е., Влодавец Д.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Erokhina E.K., Shamtieva K.V., Melnik E.A., Kazakov D.O., Kurbatov S.A., Pavlikova E.P., Tikhonova O.A., Mershina E.A., Sinitsyn V.E., Vlodavets D.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерохина Е.К., Шамтиева К.В., Мельник Е.А., Казаков Д.О., Курбатов С.А., Павликова Е.П., Тихонова О.А., Мершина Е.А., Синицын В.Е., Влодавец Д.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/599">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/599</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a hereditary slowly progressive multisystem disease with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, caused by the expansion of trinucleotide (CTG)<sub>n</sub> repeats in the 3’ untranslated region of the <italic>DMPK </italic>gene. Among the clinical manifestations of DM1, an important place is occupied by symptoms of damage to the central nervous system, in particular cognitive and emotional disorders.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To evaluate the type of cognitive and emotional impairments in patients with different forms of DM1 and their impact on quality of life.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> 60 patients with genetically confirmed DM1 were examined (average age 37.0 ± 12.4 years; 36 (60.0 %) of them were men). All patients underwent neuropsychological testing using the Montreal Cognitive Rating</p><p>Scale, Mini‑Mental State Examination, Addenbrooke’s III, Wechsler tests, pathfinding, symbolic and numeric modalities, Luria’s 10 Words, Frontal Dysfunction Battery; assessment of emotional disturbances using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale and the Apathy Scale; quality of life assessment –  36‑Item Short‑Form Medical Outcomes Study. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 53 patients to assess the severity of white matter lesions and gray matter atrophy.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The study included 8 (13.3 %) patients with congenital, 19 (31.7 %) – childhood, 33 (55 %) – adult forms of MD1. The group of patients with the congenital form had the most severe cognitive deficits, especially in tests of executive functions and visuospatial perception. Cognitive impairment was also characteristic of the adult form, but to a lesser extent. Compared to controls, patients with DM1 were significantly more likely to exhibit apathy (<italic>p</italic> = 0.002) rather than anxiety and depression. In DM1, damage to both the white and gray matter of the brain was established, and a connection between damage to the gray matter and depression (r = 0.296) and apathy (r = –0.291) was revealed. The quality of life is largely influenced by emotional disorders (anxiety, r = –0.577; depression, r = –0.650; apathy, r = –0.545).</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>In patients with DM1, a typical pattern of cognitive impairment has not been identified; different domains of cognitive functions are affected. The greatest cognitive deficit is typical for the group of patients with the congenital form. A connection between damage to the gray matter of the brain and emotional disorders has been revealed.</p><p>The presence of the latter reduces the quality of life of patients with DM1.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Миотоническая дистрофия 1‑го типа (МД1) – наследственное, медленно прогрессирующее мультисистемное заболевание с аутосомно‑доминантным типом наследования, обусловленное экспансией тринуклеотидных (CTG)<sub>n</sub> повторов в 3’‑нетранслируемой области гена <italic>DMPK</italic>. Среди клинических проявлений МД1 важное место занимают симптомы поражения центральной нервной системы, в частности когнитивные и эмоциональные нарушения. <bold>Цель исследования </bold>– оценить характер когнитивных и эмоциональных нарушений у пациентов с разными формами МД1 и их влияние на качество жизни.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Обследовано 60 пациентов с генетически подтвержденной МД1 (средний возраст пациентов – 37,0 ± 12,4 года; из них 36 (60,0 %) мужчин). Всем пациентам проводились нейропсихологическое тестирование с использованием Монреальской шкалы оценки когнитивных функций, краткой шкалы оценки психического статуса, Адденбрукской шкалы III, тестов Векслера, построения пути, символьных и цифровых модальностей, 10 слов Лурии, батареи лобной дисфункции, оценка эмоциональных нарушений с помощью госпитальной шкалы оценки тревоги и депрессии, шкалы апатии, оценка качества жизни – 36‑Item Short‑Form Medical Outcomes Study. Магнитно‑резонансная томография головного мозга проведена 53 пациентам с оценкой выраженности поражения белого вещества и атрофии серого вещества.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В исследование включено 8 (13,3 %) пациентов с врожденной, 19 (31,7 %) – детской, 33 (55 %) – взрослой формой МД1. У группы пациентов с врожденной формой был самый грубый когнитивный дефицит, особенно в тестах на исполнительные функции и зрительно‑пространственное восприятие. Когнитивные нарушения были выявлены и у пациентов со взрослой формой МД1, но меньшей степени выраженности. По сравнению с контролем у пациентов с МД1 значимо чаще определялась апатия (<italic>р = </italic>0,002), а не тревога и депрессия. При МД1 установлено поражение как белого, так и серого вещества головного мозга, выявлена связь поражения серого вещества с депрессией (r = 0,296) и апатией (r = –0,291). На качество жизни в большей степени оказывали влияние эмоциональные нарушения (тревога, r = –0,577; депрессия, r = –0,650; апатия, r = –0,545).</p><p><bold>Выводы. </bold>У пациентов с МД1 не определен типичный паттерн когнитивных нарушений, страдают различные домены когнитивных функций. Наиболее выраженный когнитивный дефицит характерен для группы пациентов с врожденной формой заболевания. Выявлена связь поражения серого вещества головного мозга с эмоциональными нарушениями, наличие которых, в свою очередь, снижает качество жизни пациентов с МД1.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myotonic dystrophy type 1</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>emotional disturbances</kwd><kwd>neuroimaging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миотоническая дистрофия 1‑го типа</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>эмоциональные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нейровизуализация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out using equipment purchased as part of the development program of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (reg. No. of Research and Technological Development Project 123032800008-7).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено с использованием оборудования, закупленного в рамках программы развития МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова (рег. № НИОКТР 123032800008-7).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pešović J., Perić S., Brkušanin M. et al. Molecular genetic and clinical characterization of myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients carrying variant repeats within DMPK expansions. Neurogenetics 2017;18(4):207–18. DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0523-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pešović J., Perić S., Brkušanin M. et al. Molecular genetic and clinical characterization of myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients carrying variant repeats within DMPK expansions. Neurogenetics 2017;18(4):207–18. DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0523-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Itoh K., Mitani M., Kawamoto K. et al. 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