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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">619</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2024-14-3-38-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness of an object moving depending on its orientation in the environment: a kinematic analysis of motor planning and execution</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность перемещения предмета в зависимости от его ориентации в пространстве: кинематический анализ моторного планирования и выполнения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-4222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyazmin</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вязьмин</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Olegovich Vyazmin</p><p>20 Myasnitskaya St., Moscow 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Олегович Вязьмин</p><p>101000 Москва, ул. Мясницкая, 20</p></bio><email>aovyazmin@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4370-4249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragimova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагимова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20 Myasnitskaya St., Moscow 101000; 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>101000 Москва, ул. Мясницкая, 20; 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7162-8462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Si</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Си</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20 Myasnitskaya St., Moscow 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>101000 Москва, ул. Мясницкая, 20</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6542-7054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Behera</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бехера</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20 Myasnitskaya St., Moscow 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>101000 Москва, ул. Мясницкая, 20</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3460-0633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevtsov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевцов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20 Myasnitskaya St., Moscow 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>101000 Москва, ул. Мясницкая, 20</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-6764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Feurra</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феурра</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20 Myasnitskaya St., Moscow 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>101000 Москва, ул. Мясницкая, 20</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр нейроэкономики и когнитивных исследований Института когнитивных нейронаук ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-18"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-18"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Vyazmin A.O., Ragimova A.A., Si G.L., Behera S., Shevtsov O.I., Feurra M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Вязьмин А.О., Рагимова А.А., Си Г.Л., Бехера С., Шевцов О.И., Феурра М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vyazmin A.O., Ragimova A.A., Si G.L., Behera S., Shevtsov O.I., Feurra M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вязьмин А.О., Рагимова А.А., Си Г.Л., Бехера С., Шевцов О.И., Феурра М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/619">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/619</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Grasping objects with the hand is one of the most common movements in everyday life. It requires training involving the cognitive processes of goal selection and motor planning.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To investigate the effect of object rotation on motor planning using an experiment where participants moved abstract objects that sometimes required rotation, and movement was assessed using a kinematic analysis system. We hypothesized that reaction times and movements would be longer for tasks with rotation.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Sixteen subjects participated in the study (11 females and 5 males), mean age – 23.375 ± 2.277 years. Participants were required to perform a task of moving 4 abstract objects onto corresponding platforms with their right hand, while periodically rotating the object by 90°, 180°, or 270°. The motion tracking system monitored the movement of trackers located on the subject’s right thumb and index finger, on the subject’s right wrist, and on the object and the subject’s special glasses.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>To assess the effect of object rotation on motor planning, the data were grouped according to the angle of rotation. A one-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. The results showed statistically significant differences:</p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>total movement time as a function of turning angle: F(3.45) = 5.014, p = 0.004;</p></list-item><list-item><p>time to reach the grasping target: F(3.45) = 61.79, p = 0.001;</p></list-item><list-item><p>object motion time: F(3.45) = 14.641, p = 0.001;</p></list-item><list-item><p>time to reach maximum capture aperture: F(3.45) = 8.559, p = 0.001.</p></list-item></list><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Overall, our results support the hypothesis that object rotation during movement affects both the preparation and execution of the movement itself. The planning and executing the movement with the object rotated 180° was easier and faster than with 90° and 270° rotations. The testing allows distinguishing the stages of planning and preparation of the movement from the execution of the movement itself. Using this approach in patients with central nervous system lesions helps to assess and monitor the state of motor function, which is important for monitoring the recovery process.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Захват предметов рукой – одно из самых частых движений в повседневной жизни. Для его выполнения необходима подготовка, включающая когнитивные процессы выбора цели и моторного планирования.</p><p><bold>Цель работы</bold> – исследовать влияние поворота объекта на моторное планирование с помощью эксперимента, в котором участники перемещали предметы простой геометрической формы, иногда требующие вращения под разными углами относительно вертикальной оси, а оценка движения проводилась с использованием системы кинематическ ого анализа. Мы предположили, что время реакции и время движения будут больше для задач с вращением.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследовании приняли участие 16 испытуемых (11 женщин и 5 мужчин), их средний возраст – 23,375 ± 2,277 года. Участники выполняли задание по перемещению правой рукой 4 объектов простой геометрической формы на соответствующие платформы, при этом периодически объект поворачивался экспериментатором на 90, 180 или 270°. Система анализа отслеживала движение трекеров, расположенных на большом и указательном пальцах правой руки испытуемого, на запястье правой руки, а также на объекте и специальных очках испытуемого.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Для оценки влияния изменения положения предмета относительно вертикальной оси на моторное планирование данные были сгруппированы по углу поворота. Использовался однофакторный дисперсионный анализ с повторными измерениями. Результаты показали статистически значимые различия:</p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>полное время движения в зависимости от угла поворота: F(3,45) = 5,014, p = 0,004;</p></list-item><list-item><p>время достижения цели захвата: F(3,45) = 61,79, p = 0,001;</p></list-item><list-item><p>время движения объекта: F(3,45) = 14,641, p = 0,001;</p></list-item><list-item><p>время достижения максимальной апертуры захвата: F(3,45) = 8,559, p = 0,001.</p></list-item></list><p><bold>Выводы</bold>. В целом наши результаты подтверждают гипотезу о том, что факт поворота объекта во время движения влияет не только на время выполнения самого движения, но и на время планирования осуществляемого движения. Планирование и выполнение движения с объектом, повернутым на 180°, оказались проще и быстрее, чем с поворотом на 90 и 270°. Тестирование позволяет выделить этапы планирования и подготовки движения при выполнении самого движения. Использование подобного подхода у пациентов с поражениями центральной нервной системы помогает в оценке и мониторинге состояния моторной функции, что важно для контроля процесса восстановления.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>motor planning</kwd><kwd>hand grasping</kwd><kwd>kinematic analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моторное планирование</kwd><kwd>захват кистью</kwd><kwd>кинематический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics” (HSE University) and the strategic project “Resilient Brain: Neurocognitive Technologies for Adaptation, Learning, Development, and Rehabilitation of Humans in a Changing Environment”, under the HSE University development program as part of participation in the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia’s “Priority-2030” program. The “Priority-2030” program is implemented within the framework of the national project “Science and Universities”</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» и стратегического проекта «Устойчивый мозг: нейрокогнитивные технологии адаптации, обучения, развития и реабилитации человека в изменяющейся среде» по программе развития Университета в рамках участия в программе Минобрнауки России «Приоритет-2030». Программа «Приоритет-2030» реализуется в рамках национального проекта «Наука и университеты»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. MacKenzie C.L., Iberall T. The grasping hand. Elsevier, 1994. Pp. 3, 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacKenzie C.L., Iberall T. The grasping hand. 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