<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">633</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2024-14-4-29-39</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Validation of the Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) for use in Russian-speaking patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Валидация шкалы степени невропатических нарушений (Neuropathy Impairment Score, NIS) для использования у русскоязычных пациентов с хронической воспалительной демиелинизирующей полинейропатией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-3552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arestova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арестова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-836X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-2870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p><p> 1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117513 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p><p>117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2026-5199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Narbut</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарбут</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5434-4966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubu</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубу</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>116th Street and Broadway, New York 10027 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>10027 Нью-Йорк, 116-я улица </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-089X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherbakova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-3070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytsev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-3405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-9112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupova</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупова</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-3388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gnedovskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гнедовская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Моscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Columbia University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Колумбия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-09"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-09"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Suponeva N.A., Arestova A.S., Melnik E.A., Zimin A.A., Narbut A.M., Yakubu A., Sherbakova E.S., Zaytsev A.B., Grishina D.A., Yusupova D.G., Gnedovskaya E.V., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Супонева Н.А., Арестова А.С., Мельник Е.А., Зимин А.А., Нарбут А.М., Якубу А., Щербакова Е.С., Зайцев А.Б., Гришина Д.А., Юсупова Д.Г., Гнедовская Е.В., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suponeva N.A., Arestova A.S., Melnik E.A., Zimin A.A., Narbut A.M., Yakubu A., Sherbakova E.S., Zaytsev A.B., Grishina D.A., Yusupova D.G., Gnedovskaya E.V., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Супонева Н.А., Арестова А.С., Мельник Е.А., Зимин А.А., Нарбут А.М., Якубу А., Щербакова Е.С., Зайцев А.Б., Гришина Д.А., Юсупова Д.Г., Гнедовская Е.В., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/633">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/633</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. A clinical application of scales and questionnaires is essential for the objective evaluation of treatment response, disease course, quality of life and the disability level in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) has become widespread in epidemiological and clinical studies of various polyneuropathies, including CIDP. However, its application in Russia is limited by the absence of its validated version for Russian-speaking patients. Aim. To develop the Russian validated version of the NIS for its application in patients with CIDP. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 patients with CIDP (25 with multifocal variant of CIDP (Lewis–Sumner syndrome) and 25 with typical CIDP). The validation process included two stages: translation and linguocultural ratification of the scale according to the standard protocol and an assessment of its psychometric properties, such as reliability, validity and sensitivity. Results. The developed Russian version of the NIS demonstrated the high level of reliability, sensitivity and validity. Conclusion. The validated Russian version of the NIS can be recommended for application in research and clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Важной частью работы с пациентами с хронической воспалительной демиелинизирующей полинейропатией (ХВДП) является применение международных шкал и опросников, так как они дают возможность объективно оценить степень инвалидизации, качество жизни, динамику состояния и ответ на патогенетическую терапию. Шкала степени невропатических нарушений (Neuropathy Impairment Score, NIS) получила свое распространение в эпидемиологических и клинических исследованиях различных полинейропатий и рекомендована к использованию у пациентов с ХВДП в актуальном консенсусе по диагностике и лечению данного заболевания. Ограничением применения данной шкалы в Российской Федерации является отсутствие ее валидированной русскоязычной версии.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – разработать русскоязычную версию шкалы NIS для работы с пациентами с ХВДП и провести ее валидацию.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследовании участвовали 50 пациентов с ХВДП. Группы состояли из пациентов с типичной ХВДП и атипичным вариантом ХВДП – асимметричной мультифокальной сенсомоторной демиелинизирующей полинейропатией (синдром Льюиса–Самнера). Их соотношение в выборке было равным (по 25 больных каждой нозологии). Процесс валидации включал 2 этапа: перевод на русский язык и лингвокультурную адаптацию оригинальной англоязычной версии шкалы, проведенную согласно общепринятым рекомендациям, и оценку таких психометрических свойств, как надежность, содержательная валидность и чувствительность.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Для русскоязычной версии шкалы NIS продемонстрирован высокий уровень надежности, чувствительности и валидности.</p><p><bold>Выводы</bold>. По результатам проведенной работы сформирована русскоязычная валидированная версия шкалы NIS, которая может быть рекомендована для научно-исследовательской и клинической работы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd><kwd>Lewis–Sumner syndrome</kwd><kwd>linguocultural ratification</kwd><kwd>Neuropathy Impairment Score</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая воспалительная демиелинизирующая полинейропатия</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>синдром Льюиса– Самнера</kwd><kwd>лингвокультурная адаптация</kwd><kwd>шкала степени невропатических нарушений</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out in the framework of the state assignment of the Research Center of Neurology.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Broers M.C., Bunschoten C., Nieboer D. et al. Incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology 2019;52(3–4):161–72. DOI: 10.1159/000494291</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kieseier B.C., Mathey E.K., Sommer C. et al. Immune-mediated neuropathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018;4(1):31. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0027-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Van den Bergh P.Y.K., van Doorn P.A., Hadden R.D.M. et al. European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Report of a joint Task Force-Second revision. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021;26(3):242–68. DOI: 10.1111/jns.12455</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Oaklander A.L., Lunn M.P., Hughes R.A. et al. Treatments for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP): An overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;13;1(1):CD010369. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010369.pub2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Stino A.M., Naddaf E., Dyck P.J. et al. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy – Diagnostic pitfalls and treatment approach. Muscle Nerve 2021;63(2):157–69. DOI: 10.1002/mus.27046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Fisse A.L., Motte J., Grüter T. et al. Comprehensive approaches for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neurol Res Pract 2020;2:42. DOI: 10.1186/s42466-020-00088-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arestova А. S., Melnik Е. А., Zaytsev A. B. et al. Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) Scale for the assessment of disability level in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: linguocultural ratification in Russia. Nervno-myshechnye bolezni = Neuromuscular Diseases 2021;11(4):26–33. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17650/2222-8721-2021-11-4-26-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арестова А.С., Мельник Е.А., Зайцев А.Б. и др. Шкала «Этиология и лечение воспалительной нейропатии» (Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment, INCAT) для оценки степени инвалидизации у больных хронической воспалительной демиелинизирующей полинейропатией: лингвокультурная адаптация в России. Нервно-мышечные болезни 2021;11(4):26–33. DOI: 10.17650/2222-8721-2021-11-4-26-33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suponeva N.A., Arestova А.S., Melnik Е.А. et al. Validation of the Medical Research Council sum score (MRCss) for use in Russian-speaking patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Nervno-myshechnye bolezni = Neuromuscular Diseases 2023;13(1):68–74. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17650/2222-8721-2023-13-1-68-74</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Супонева Н.А., Арестова А.С., Мельник Е.А. и др. Валидация шкалы суммарной оценки мышечной силы (MRC sum score) для использования у русскоязычных пациентов с хронической воспалительной демиелинизирующей полинейропатией. Нервно-мышечные болезни 2023;13(1):68–74. DOI: 10.17650/2222-8721-2023-13-1-68-74</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Van Nes S.I., Vanhoutte E.K., van Doorn P.A. et al. Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (R-ODS) for immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies. Neurology 2011;76(4):337–45. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318208824b</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Dyck P.J., Sherman W.R., Hallcher L.M. et al. Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose, and myo-inosirol related to sural nerve morphomerry. Ann Neurol 1980;8:590–6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Dyck P.J., Boes C.J., Mulder D. et al. History of standard scoring, notation, and summation of neuromuscular signs. A current survey and recommendation. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005;10(2):158–73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1085-9489.2005.0010206.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Dyck P.J., Litchy W.J., Kratz K.M. et al. A plasma exchange versus immune globulin infusion trial in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Ann Neurol 1994;36:838–45.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Dyck P.J., Daube J., OʼBrien P. et al. Plasma exchange in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. N Engl J Med 1986;314:461–5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Dyck P.J., Taylor B.V., Davies J.L. et al. Office immunotherapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2015;52(4):488–97. DOI: 10.1002/mus.24707</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Benson M.D., Waddington-Cruz M., Berk J.L. et al. Inotersen treatment for patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. N Engl J Med 2018;5;379(1):22–31. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716793</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Dyck P.J.B., González-Duarte A., Obici L. et al. Development of measures of polyneuropathy impairment in hATTR amyloidosis: From NIS to mNIS + 7. J Neurol Sci 2019;15(405):116424. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116424</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Hsieh R.Y., Huang I.C., Chen C. et al. Effects of oral alpha-lipoic acid treatment on diabetic polyneuropathy: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Nutrients 2023;18;15(16):3634. DOI: 10.3390/nu15163634</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Baicus C., Purcarea A., von Elm E. et al. Alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024;11;1(1):CD012967. DOI: 10.1002/14651858</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Mokkink L.B., Prinsen C.A., Bouter L.M et al. The Consensusbased Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) and how to select an outcome measurement instrument. Braz J Phys Ther 2016;19;20(2):105–13. DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0143</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Beaton D., Bombardier C., Guillemin F. et al. Recommendations for the cross-cultural adaptation of health status measures. New York: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2002. Pp. 1–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Serdar C.C., Cihan M., Yücel D. et al. Sample size, power and effect size revisited: Simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2021;31:010502. DOI: 10.11613/BM.2021.010502</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Shastri A., Al Aiyan A., Kishore U. et al. Immune-mediated neuropathies: Pathophysiology and management. Int J Mol Sci 2023;14;24(8):7288. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087288</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Doneddu P.E., Dentoni M., Nobile-Orazio E. Atypical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Recent advances on classification, diagnosis, and pathogenesis. Curr Opin Neurol 2021;1;34(5):613–24. DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000979</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Draak T.H., Vanhoutte E.K., van Nes S.I. et al. Comparing the NIS vs. MRC and INCAT sensory scale through Rasch analyses. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2015;20(3):277–88. DOI: 10.1111/jns.12127</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
