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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">647</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2025-15-1-39-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of social emotional, cognitive and communicative development and adaptive behavior in children with spinal muscular atrophy 5q</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка социально-эмоционального, когнитивного, коммуникативного развития и адаптивного поведения детей со спинальной мышечной атрофией 5q</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-6855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Papina</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папина</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Taldomskaya St., Moscow 125412 </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St.,Moscow 117513 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2 </p><p>117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><email>papina.u@pedklin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-7422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavadenko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заваденко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovityanova St.,Moscow 117513 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-836X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Taldomskaya St., Moscow 125412 </p><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2 </p><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8876-7462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemyeva</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьева</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Taldomskaya St., Moscow 125412 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8707-180X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdalina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердалина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367 Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlodavets</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Влодавец</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Taldomskaya St., Moscow 125412 </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St.,Moscow 117513 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2 </p><p>117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yu.E. Veltishchev Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics Department named after academician L.O. Badalyan of the Neuroscience and Neurotechnologies Institute, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики им. акад. Л.О. Бадаляна Института нейронаук и нейротехнологий ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-25"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-25"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Papina Y.O., Zavadenko N.N., Melnik E.A., Artemyeva S.B., Berdalina I.A., Vlodavets D.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Папина Ю.О., Заваденко Н.Н., Мельник Е.А., Артемьева С.Б., Бердалина И.А., Влодавец Д.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Papina Y.O., Zavadenko N.N., Melnik E.A., Artemyeva S.B., Berdalina I.A., Vlodavets D.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Папина Ю.О., Заваденко Н.Н., Мельник Е.А., Артемьева С.Б., Бердалина И.А., Влодавец Д.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/647">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/647</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Spinal muscular atrophy 5q (SMA) is a severe genetic neuromuscular disorder, which is primarily manifested through musclar weakness. Previously, cognitive development in the natural course of SMA was considered normal. The introduction of etiopathogenetic therapy has altered the disease trajectory, led to new phenotypes, improved survival rates, and outlined the importance of studying the development of emotional, cognitive, and communicative domains, and adaptive behavior in SMA patients.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To conduct a comprehensive assessment of emotional, cognitive, and adaptive domains, as well as speech development, in patients with genetically confirmed SMA, including cases, which were identified through newborn screening programs and were asymptomatic at the initiation of etiopathogenetic therapy, and to identify factors influencing neuropsychic development in SMA patients.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 87 SMA patients receiving etiopathogenetic therapy, aged 0–12 years (median age at testing – 57.0 [37.0; 103.0] months). The Developmental Profile-3 (DP-3) instrument was used to assess neuropsychic development. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics v.26.0 (IBM, USA).</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Children who received therapy at the presymptomatic stage (6.9 % of the cohort) showed no deficits in any assessed developmental domains. These results significantly differed from those of SMA types 1, 2, and 3 in motor skills (padj &lt;0.001) and adaptive behavior (padj ≤0.026). Patients with SMA types 1, 2, and 3 exhibited severe motor impairments (reduced motor skills in 93.0 %, 89.7 %, and 88.9 % of children, respectively) and adaptive deficits (impairments in ≥55 % of each group). SMA type 1 patients additionally demonstrated delays in social emotional (39.5 %), cognitive (30.2 %), and communicative (39.5 %) domains. Children with lower functional status (“lying”) had more pronounced delays in adaptive, social emotional, and cognitive domains (p ≤0.048). In SMA type 1, fewer SMN2 gene copies and earlier disease onset correlated with more severe deficits in emotional, cognitive, and adaptive domains, as well as in speech development (SMN2 copies: p ≤0.034; age of onset: p ≤0.012). SMA type 1 patients with dysphagia showed lower scores across all subscales except motor skills (p ≤0.015). Chronic respiratory insufficiency was associated with reduced scores in all five subscales: in SMA type 1, motor skills, adaptive, social emotional, and cognitive domains were affected (p ≤0.045); in SMA type 2, adaptive, social emotional, and cognitive domains were affected (p ≤0.018). Delayed therapy initiation correlated with lower motor and adaptive scores in SMA types 1 (p ≤0.012), 2 (p ≤0.002), and 3 (p ≤0.048), and with worse social emotional and cognitive outcomes in SMA type 2 (p = 0.001).</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> SMA patients exhibit not only motor impairments but also adaptive and socialization deficits, as well as delays in communicative and cognitive development. A standardized approach to identifying these impairments should be developed, and developing tailored rehabilitation methods is important as well. Initiating etiopathogenetic therapy at the presymptomatic stage may prevent neuropsychiatric manifestations of SMA.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Спинальная мышечная атрофия 5q (СМА) – тяжелое наследственное нервно-мышечное заболевание, основным проявлением которого является мышечная слабость. Когнитивное развитие при естественном течении СМА ранее оценивалось как нормальное. Внедрение этиопатогенетической терапии привело к изменению траектории течения болезни, появлению новых фенотипов, увеличило выживаемость и подчеркнуло значимость исследований развития эмоциональной, когнитивной, коммуникативной сфер и адаптивного поведения у пациентов со СМА.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – провести комплексную оценку эмоциональной, когнитивной и адаптивной сфер, а также речевого развития у пациентов с генетически подтвержденным диагнозом СМА, включая случаи, выявленные по программе скрининга новорожденных, и не имеющих симптомов на момент начала этиопатогенетической терапии, определить факторы, влияющие на нервно-психическое развитие пациентов со СМА.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включено 87 пациентов со СМА в возрасте от 0 до 12 лет (медиана возраста на момент тестирования – 57,0 [37,0; 103,0] мес), получающих этиопатогенетическую терапию. Для оценки нервно-психического развития использовалась методика Developmental Profile 3 (DP-3). Статистический анализ проведен с применением программного пакета SPSS Statistics v.26.0 (IBM, США).</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У детей, получивших терапию на предсимптоматической стадии (6,9 % детей), не было снижения ни в одной из оцениваемых сфер развития и результаты значимо отличались от каждого из 3 типов СМА по субшкалам двигательных навыков (рadj &lt;0,001) и адаптивного поведения (padj ≤0,026). Пациенты со СМА 1–3-го типа имели тяжелые двигательные нарушения (снижение при оценке двигательной сферы каждой из групп: 93,0; 89,7 и 88,9 % детей соответственно) и нарушения адаптивной сферы (снижение у ≥55 % в каждой из групп СМА 1–3-го типа). Пациенты со СМА 1-го типа помимо двигательных и адаптивных нарушений демонстрировали отставание в развитии в социально-эмоциональной (39,5 %), познавательной (30,2 %) и коммуникативной (39,5 %) сферах. Дети с более низким функциональным классом («лежачие») имели более значительное отставание в развитии в адаптивной, социальноэмоциональной и познавательной сферах (p ≤0,048). У пациентов в группе СМА 1-го типа малое число копий гена SMN2, ранний дебют коррелировали с более выраженными нарушениями эмоциональной, когнитивной и адаптивной сфер, а также речевого развития (с числом копий гена SMN2: р ≤0,034; с возрастом дебюта: р ≤0,012). Дети с клиническими симптомами СМА 1-го типа с нарушением глотания и дисфагией имели более низкие показатели по всем субшкалам, за исключением двигательных навыков (р ≤0,015). Дети с хронической дыхательной недостаточностью демонстрировали снижение показателей по каждой из 5 оцениваемых субшкал: в группе СМА 1-го типа хуже были двигательные навыки, адаптивная, социально-эмоциональная, познавательная сферы (р ≤0,045), в группе СМА 2-го типа – адаптивная, социально-эмоциональная, познавательная сферы (р ≤0,018). Задержка старта терапии в последующем ассоциирована с более низкими показателями двигательных навыков и адаптивного поведения при СМА 1 (р ≤0,012), 2 (р ≤0,002) и 3-го типа (р ≤0,048), а для СМА 2-го типа также с более низкими показателями социально-эмоциональной и познавательной сфер (р = 0,001).</p><p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Пациенты со СМА, помимо двигательных нарушений, имеют нарушения адаптации, социализации, а также отставание в развитии коммуникативной и познавательной сфер. Требуется стандартизированный подход к выявлению данных нарушений и разработка адаптированных методик восстановления и реабилитации. Инициация этиопатогенетической терапии на предсимптоматической стадии обеспечит профилактику нейропсихических проявлений СМА.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>SMN1 and SMN2 genes</kwd><kwd>SMN protein</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd><kwd>speech</kwd><kwd>communication</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>socialization</kwd><kwd>emotional domain</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спинальная мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>гены SMN1 и SMN2</kwd><kwd>белок SMN</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>речь</kwd><kwd>коммуникация</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>социализация</kwd><kwd>эмоциональная сфера</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>D’Amico A., Mercuri E., Tiziano F.D. et al. Spinal muscular atrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011;6:71. 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