<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">663</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2025-15-3-22-37</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fall risk associated with motor function in patients with hereditary cerebellar ataxias</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Риск падения, ассоциированный с двигательной функцией у пациентов с наследственными мозжечковыми атаксиями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7119-9841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichenko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириченко</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>slotina@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-6645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slotina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слотина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>slotina@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-7668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuzhnyy</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нужный</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>slotina@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6836-4386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ikonnikova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иконникова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>slotina@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>slotina@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Сenter of Neurology and Neurosciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-03"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kirichenko O.A., Slotina A.E., Nuzhnyy E.P., Ikonnikova E.S., Suponeva N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Кириченко О.А., Слотина А.Е., Нужный Е.П., Иконникова Е.С., Супонева Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirichenko O.A., Slotina A.E., Nuzhnyy E.P., Ikonnikova E.S., Suponeva N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кириченко О.А., Слотина А.Е., Нужный Е.П., Иконникова Е.С., Супонева Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/663">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/663</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The main clinical manifestation of hereditary cerebellar ataxias is a progressive loss of motor coordination and balance, leading to a reduced quality of life increased risk of falls. Balance impairments in patients are assessed using both general clinical and specialized scales, which allow for a detailed characterization of symptoms.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To investigate the clinical and stabilometric parameters of balance and risk factors for falls in patients with hereditary cerebellar ataxias.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 38 patients with hereditary cerebellar ataxias and 22 healthy volunteers in the control group. To assess balance impairments, mobility, and fall risk, general clinical scales (the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the 10-meter walk test) and specific scales (the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS)) were used. Stabilometric parameters were recorded using the ST-150 platform. Based on the clinical scales, patients were stratified according to their risk of falls.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> When stratifying patients by fall risk, the use of general clinical scales led to different risk level classifications: according to the TUG test, the majority of patients (65 %) had a low risk, while according to the BBS, 76 % were classified as high-risk. Gait analysis confirmed a decrease in comfortable and fast walking speed with an increase in fall risk, which was more pronounced when stratified by the TUG test, reflecting dynamic balance impairments. The use of specific scales (SARA and ICARS) established that ataxia symptoms worsen with an increase in fall risk, especially when grouped by the TUG test, which better reflects the clinical features of patients associated with fall risk. Stabilometric analysis revealed significant changes in static and static-dynamic balance parameters even in patients with no fall risk according to the TUG test, and also showed that the BBS is the most sensitive to these impairments.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The combined use of the BBS and the TUG test allows for a comprehensive assessment of balance disorders and enables the personalization of rehabilitation and fall prevention programs for this patient group.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Ведущим проявлением наследственных мозжечковых атаксий является прогрессирующее нарушение координации движений и равновесия, приводящее к снижению качества жизни и увеличению риска падений. Для оценки нарушений равновесия применяются общие клинические и специализированные шкалы, позволяющие детализировать имеющиеся симптомы.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение клинических и стабилометрических характеристик равновесия и факторов риска падений у пациентов с наследственными мозжечковыми атаксиями.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование было включено 38 пациентов с наследственными мозжечковыми атаксиями и 22 сопоставимых по возрасту здоровых добровольца контрольной группы. Для оценки нарушений равновесия, мобильности, риска падений применялись общие клинические (тест «Встань и иди» (Timed Up and Go test, TUG), шкала баланса Берг (ШББ), 10-метровый тест ходьбы) и специализированные (шкала оценки и определения степени атаксии (Scale for the. Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, SARA), международная объединенная шкала оценки атаксии (International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, ICARS)) шкалы. Стабилометрические показатели регистрировались с помощью платформы ST-150. На основании клинических шкал проводилась стратификация пациентов по риску падений.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При стратификации риска падения у пациентов использование общих клинических шкал привело к разной классификации по уровням риска: по тесту TUG большинство (65 %) пациентов имели низкий риск, по ШББ 76 % относились к группе высокого риска. Анализ походки подтвердил снижение скорости комфортной и быстрой ходьбы с увеличением риска падения, более выраженное при стратификации по тесту TUG, что отражает динамические нарушения равновесия. При применении специфических шкал (SARA и ICARS) установлено, что с увеличением риска падения нарастают симптомы атаксии, особенно при разделении по тесту TUG, который лучше отражает клинические особенности пациентов, связанные с риском падения. Стабилометрический анализ выявил значимые изменения параметров статического и статико-динамического равновесия даже у пациентов без риска падения по тесту TUG, а также показал, что ШББ наиболее чувствительна к данным нарушениям.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Совместное применение ШББ и теста TUG позволяет полноценно оценить нарушения равновесия и индивидуализировать программы реабилитации и профилактики падений в данной группе пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hereditary cerebellar ataxia</kwd><kwd>fall risk</kwd><kwd>stabilometry</kwd><kwd>posturography</kwd><kwd>balance disorder</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственная мозжечковая атаксия</kwd><kwd>риск падения</kwd><kwd>стабилометрия</kwd><kwd>постурография</kwd><kwd>нарушение равновесия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was conducted as part of the state assignment the Russian Сenter of Neurology and Neurosciences.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Klockgether T., Mariotti C., Paulson H.L. Spinocerebellar ataxia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019;5(1):24. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0074-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Diallo A., Jacobi H., Cook A. et al. Survival in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6 (EUROSCA): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2018;17(4):327–34. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30042-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Schols L., Bauer P., Schmidt T. et al. Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias: clinical features, genetics, and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol 2004;3(5):291–304. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00737-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Wang Y., Zhang D., Wang J. et al. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cerebellar ataxia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023;14:1049813. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1049813</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Bunn L.M., Marsden J.F., Giunti P. et al. Stance instability in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Mov Disord 2013;28(4):510–6. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25163</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Konno K.M., Zonta M.B., Guimarães A.T.B. et al. Balance and physical functioning in spinocerebellar ataxias 3 and 10. Acta Neurol Scand 2021;143(4):458–63. DOI: 10.1111/ane.13384</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Santos L.R., Teive H.A.G., Lopes Neto F.D.N. et al. Quality of life in individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10: a preliminary study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2018;76(8):527–33. DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20180077</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Miyata K., Kondo Y., Bando K. et al. Structural validity of the mini-balance evaluation systems test in individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia: a rasch analysis study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024;105(4):742–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.12.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Lessard I., Brais B., Côté I. et al. Assessing mobility and balance in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix–Saguenay population: validity and reliability of four outcome measures. J Neurol Sci 2018;390:4–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.03.033</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suponeva N.A., Yusupova D.G., Zimin A.A. et al. Validation of a Russian version of the Berg Balance Scale. Nevrologiya, nejropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 2021;13(3):12–8. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2021-3-12-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Супонева Н.А., Юсупова Д Г., Зимин А.А. и др. Валидация шкалы баланса Берг в России. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика 2021;13(3):12–8. DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2021-3-12-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Milne S.C., Roberts M., Ross H.L. et al. Interrater reliability of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, Berg Balance Scale, and Functional Independence Measure Motor Domain in individuals with hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023;104(10):1646–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.05.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Schmitz-Hübsch T., du Montcel S.T., Baliko L. et al. Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: development of a new clinical scale. Neurology 2006;66(11):1717–20. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000219042.60538.92</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Schmitz-Hübsch T., Tezenas du Montcel S., Baliko L. et al. Reliability and validity of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale: a study in 156 spinocerebellar ataxia patients. Mov Disord 2006;21(5):699–704. DOI: 10.1002/mds.20781</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skvortsov D.V. Stabilometric research: a quick guide. Moscow: Maska, 2010. 172 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скворцов Д.В. Стабилометрическое исследование: краткое руководство. М.: Маска, 2010. 172 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Manabe Y., Honda E., Shiro Y. et al. Fractal dimension analysis of static stabilometry in Parkinson’s disease and spinocerebellar ataxia. Neurol Res 2001;23(4):397–404. DOI: 10.1179/016164101101198613</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slotina A.E., Ikonnikova E.S., Kotsoev G.A. et al. Strategies for maintaining balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Annaly klinicheskoy i eksperimentalnoy nevrologii = Annals of Clinical and Experimental 2025;19(2):5–15. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17816/ACEN.1292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Слотина А.Е., Иконникова Е.С., Коцоев Г.А. и др. Анализ стратегии поддержания равновесия у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии 2025;19(2):5–15. DOI: 10.17816/ACEN.1292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Takei A., Hamada S., Homma S. et al. Difference in the effects of tandospirone on ataxia in various types of spinocerebellar degeneration: an open-label study. Cerebellum 2010;9(4):567–0. DOI: 10.1007/s12311-010-0199-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Santos de Oliveira L.A., Martins C.P., Horsczaruk C.H. et al. Decreasing fall risk in spinocerebellar ataxia. J Phys Ther Sci 2015;27(4):1223–5. DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1223</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Fonteyn E.M., Schmitz-Hübsch T., Verstappen C.C. et al. Prospective analysis of falls in dominant ataxias. Eur Neurol 2013;69(1):53–7. DOI: 10.1159/000342907</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Gillespie L.D., Gillespie W.J., Robertson M.C. et al. Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(4):CD000340. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000340. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(2):CD000340. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000340.pub2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Podsiadlo D., Richardson S. The timed “Up &amp; Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39(2):142–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Feng H., Li C., Liu J. et al. Virtual reality rehabilitation versus conventional physical therapy for improving balance and gait in Parkinson’s disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Med Sci Monit 2019;25:4186–92. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.916455</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Gulcan K., Guclu-Gunduz A., Yasar E. et al. The effects of augmented and virtual reality gait training on balance and gait in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2023;123(5):1917–25. DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02147-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Molhemi F., Monjezi S., Mehravar M. et al. Effects of virtual reality vs conventional balance training on balance and falls in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021;102(2):290–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.09.395</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Alghadir A.H., Al-Eisa E.S., Anwer S. et al. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of three scales for measuring balance in patients with chronic stroke. BMC Neurol 2018;18(1):141. DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1146-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Matsushima A., Maruyama Y., Mizukami N. et al. Gait training with a wearable curara® robot for cerebellar ataxia: a single-arm study. Biomed Eng Online 2021;20(1):90. DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00929-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Ambrose A.F., Paul G., Hausdorff J.M. Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas 2013;75(1):51–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkacheva O.N., Kotovskaya Yu.V., Runikhina N.K. et al. Clinical guidelines “Senile asthenia”. Rossiyskiy zhurnal geriatricheskoy meditsiny = Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine 2020;1:11–46. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.37586/2686-8636-1-2020-11-46</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева О.Н., Котовская Ю.В., Рунихина Н.К. и др. Клинические рекомендации «Старческая астения». Российский журнал гериатрической медицины 2020;1:11–46. DOI: 10.37586/2686-8636-1-2020-11-46</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Shumway-Cook A., Brauer S., Woollacott M. Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up &amp; Go Test. Phys Ther 2000;80(9):896–903. DOI: 10.1093/ptj/80.9.896</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Bloem B.R., Marinus J., Almeida Q. et al. Measurement instruments to assess posture, gait, and balance in Parkinson’s disease: critique and recommendations. Mov Disord 2016;31(9):1342–55. DOI: 10.1002/mds.26572</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Miyagawa D., Matsushima A., Maruyama Y. et al. Gait training with a wearable powered robot during stroke rehabilitation: a randomized parallel-group trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023;20(1):54. DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01168-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Santos G.M., Souza A.C., Virtuoso J.F. et al. Predictive values at risk of falling in physically active and no active elderly with Berg Balance Scale. Rev Bras Fisioter 2011;15(2):95–101. DOI: 10.1590/s1413-35552011000200003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Berg K., Wood-Dauphine S., Williams J.I., Gayton D. Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument. Physiotherapy Canada 1989;41(6):304–11. DOI: 10.3138/ptc.41.6.304</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Watson M.J. Refining the Ten-metre Walking Test for use with neurologically impaired people. Physiotherapy 2002;88:386–97. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9406(05)61264-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Park S.H. Tools for assessing fall risk in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018;30(1):1–16. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0749-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Elshafey M.A., Abdrabo M.S., Elnaggar R.K. Effects of a core stability exercise program on balance and coordination in children with cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2022;22(2):172–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Yamauchi K., Kumagae K., Goto K. et al. Predictive validity of the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia for medium-term functional status in acute ataxic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021;30(4):105631. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105631</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Park J., Bremova-Ertl T., Brands M. et al. Assessment of the reliability, responsiveness, and meaningfulness of the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) for lysosomal storage disorders. J Neurol 2024;271(10):6888–902. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12664-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Trouillas P., Takayanagi T., Hallett M. et al. International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome. The Ataxia Neuropharmacology Committee of the World Federation of Neurology. J Neurol Sci 1997;145(2):205–11. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(96)00231-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubryak О.V., Grokhovskiy S.S., Dobrorognyy А.V. Study of human support reactions (posturography, stabilometry) and biofeedback in the STPL program. Moscow: Mera-TSP, 2018. 121 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кубряк О.В., Гроховский С.С., Доброродный А.В. Исследование опорных реакций человека (постурография, стабилометрия) и биологическая обратная связь в программе STPL. М.: Мера-ТСП, 2018. 121 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Скворцов Д.В. Стабилометрическое исследование. М.: Маска, 2010. 176 с. Skvortsov D.V. Stabilometric research. Moscow: Maska, 2010. 176 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groxovskiy S.S., Kubryak O.V. A two-phase motor-cognitive test with biofeedback on the ground reaction force. Patent No. 2530767. 8 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гроховский С.С., Кубряк О.В. Двухфазный двигательно-когнитивный тест с биологической обратной связью по опорной реакции. Патент № 2530767. 8 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Ayvat E., Doğan M., Ayvat F. et al. Usefulness of the Berg Balance Scale for prediction of fall risk in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2024;45(6):2801–5. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07318-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Fiedorová I., Mrázková E., Zádrapová M. et al. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the Somatosensory Organization Test, Berg Balance Scale, and Fall Efficacy Scale-International for predicting falls in discharged stroke patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19(15):9181. DOI:10.3390/ijerph19159181</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Schniepp R., Huppert A., Decker J. et al. Fall prediction in neurological gait disorders: differential contributions from clinical assessment, gait analysis, and daily-life mobility monitoring. J Neurol 2021;268(9):3421–34. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10504-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Scholz M., Haase R., Trentzsch K. et al. Fear of falling and falls in people with multiple sclerosis: a literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021;47:102609. DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102609</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Wang Y., Li Y., Liu S. et al. Gait characteristics related to fall risk in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Front Neurol 2023;14:1166151. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1166151</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Zakaria N.A., Kuwae Y., Tamura T. et al. Quantitative analysis of fall risk using TUG test. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015;18(4):426–37. DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.805211</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Barcellos I., Hansen C., Strobel G.K. et al. Spatiotemporal gait analysis of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia types 3 and 10 using inertial measurement units: a comparative study. Cerebellum 2024;23(5):2109–21. DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01709-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Siddique U., Choudhury S., Chatterjee K. et al. A longitudinal quantitative analysis of gait in patients with SCA-12. Clin Park Relat Disord 2021;5:100102. DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2021.100102</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Rummey C., Harding I.H., Delatycki M.B. et al. Harmonizing results of ataxia rating scales: mFARS, SARA, and ICARS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022;9(12):2041–6. DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51686</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
