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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">673</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2026-16-1-50-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comorbid disorders in children with cerebral palsy and their assessment in early childhood: current state of the problem</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Коморбидные нарушения при детском церебральном параличе и их оценка у детей в раннем возрасте: современное состояние проблемы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaynetdinova</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнетдинова</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anetdina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6748-5323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuldashev</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юлдашев</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anetdina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-4071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afandieva</surname><given-names>L. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афандиева</surname><given-names>Л. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anetdina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/673">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/673</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that comorbid disorders in children with cerebral palsy – such as pain, cognitive impairment, epilepsy, dysphagia, sensory deficits and other associated conditions – shape a complex clinical profile already in early childhood. These conditions, rather than motor impairment alone, become key barriers to effective rehabilitation, social participation and maintenance of an acceptable quality of life. Despite advances in rehabilitation medicine, delayed recognition and management of comorbidities remain a major cause of persistent disability, underscoring the need to systematically summarize current evidence. The present analysis not only describes the characteristics of the most frequent comorbid conditions, but also identifies several key patterns. Pain in children with cerebral palsy is shown to be polymorphic and frequently chronic, and its assessment in early childhood requires the use of specialized scales. A clear relationship is demonstrated between the severity of motor impairment and the risk of cognitive decline, along with a high prevalence of speech disorders, among which dysarthria predominates. Particular attention is given to epilepsy and dysphagia, which directly threaten survival through malnutrition and respiratory complications. The main value of this review lies in the critical synthesis of data on diagnostic approaches adapted for infants, nonverbal children and those with severe motor limitations, as well as in the discussion of how comorbidity shapes the clinical course of cerebral palsy and why the focus must shift towards the earliest possible multidisciplinary management, starting from the time of diagnosis, in order to preserve rehabilitation potential and improve quality of life in this vulnerable population.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность работы продиктована тем, что коморбидные расстройства при детском церебральном параличе, такие как боль, когнитивный дефицит, эпилепсия, дисфагия, сенсорные и другие нарушения, формируют сложный клинический профиль пациента уже в раннем возрасте. Именно эти состояния, а не только двигательный дефицит, становятся ключевым барьером для успешной реабилитации, социальной интеграции и поддержания приемлемого качества жизни. Несмотря на прогресс в реабилитологии, запаздывающая диагностика и коррекция коморбидной патологии остается значимой причиной высокой инвалидизации, что подчеркивает важность систематизации современных знаний как настоятельную необходимость. Проведенный анализ позволил не только перечислить особенности наиболее частых коморбидных состояний, но и выявить ключевые закономерности. Так, удалось актуализировать проблему болевого синдрома при детском церебральном параличе, который носит полиморфный и часто хронический характер, а его оценка у детей раннего возраста требует применения специальных шкал. Подчеркнуты четкая взаимосвязь между тяжестью двигательных нарушений и риском развития когнитивного дефицита, высокая распространенность речевых расстройств, среди которых доминирует дизартрия. Особое внимание уделено дисфагии, непосредственно угрожающей жизненному прогнозу через нутритивную недостаточность и легочные осложнения. Главной ценностью обзора является критический синтез данных о методах диагностики, адаптированных для детей раннего возраста, невербальных детей и пациентов с тяжелыми двигательными ограничениями, а также представление о том, как именно коморбидность влияет на клиническую картину детского церебрального паралича, и почему необходимо сместить акцент на максимально раннее междисциплинарное ведение, начиная с момента установления диагноза, для сохранения реабилитационного потенциала и улучшения качества жизни этих пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>comorbid disorders in cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy and pain</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy and speech disorders</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy and cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy and visual impairments</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy and hearing impairments</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детский церебральный паралич</kwd><kwd>коморбидные нарушения при детском церебральном параличе</kwd><kwd>детский церебральный паралич и боль</kwd><kwd>детский церебральный паралич и речевые нарушения</kwd><kwd>детский церебральный паралич и когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>детский церебральный паралич и зрительные нарушения</kwd><kwd>детский церебральный паралич и слуховые нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalkevich L.V. 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