Neuromuscular DiseasesNeuromuscular DiseasesНервно-мышечные болезни2222-87212413-0443Publishing House ABV Press67610.17650/2222-8721-2026-16-2-60-73LECTURES AND REVIEWSЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫReview ArticleGlomus tumors and paragangliomas in neurological practice: clinical mimics, diagnostic pitfalls, and strategies for overcoming themГломусные опухоли и параганглиомы в практике невролога: клинические маски, диагностические ошибки и пути их преодоленияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-0193TikhonovaOlga A.ТихоноваОльга Алексеевна
Russian Federation
offelia78@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-992XDruzhininaE. S.ДружининаЕвгения Сергеевна
Russian Federation
naumovaes@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8039-9194NabievS. R.НабиевШихмирза Рагибович
Russian Federation
nabievmd@gmail.comImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта»N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)21092026162607302022026Copyright ©; 2026, Tikhonova O.A., Druzhinina E.S., Nabiev S.R.Copyright ©; 2026, Тихонова О.А., Дружинина Е.С., Набиев Ш.Р.2026Tikhonova O.A., Druzhinina E.S., Nabiev S.R.Тихонова О.А., Дружинина Е.С., Набиев Ш.Р.https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/676

Optimizing the diagnosis of glomus tumors necessitates a clear distinction between two principal nosological entities. The true glomus tumor (glоmangioma) is pathognomonically associated with intense paroxysmal pain. In contrast, paraganglioma (chemodectoma) most frequently presents with compression of adjacent structures, accompanied by pulsatile tinnitus. All paragangliomas should be regarded as potentially malignant, underscoring the need for long-term follow-up. The diagnostic algorithm must be comprehensive and should sequentially include detailed clinical assessment, mandatory contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and in cases of suspected paraganglioma, biochemical screening and molecular genetic testing. Overcoming diagnostic challenges and ensuring early recognition hinge crucially on raising neurologists’ awareness of the clinical polymorphism of these entities, actively incorporating them into the differential diagnosis, and the timely application of advanced instrumental investigations to facilitate appropriate treatment planning.

Оптимизация диагностики гломусных опухолей требует четкого разграничения 2 основных нозологий. Истинная гломусная опухоль (гломангиома) патогномонично проявляется интенсивным пароксизмальным болевым синдромом, в то время как для параганглиомы (хемодектомы) ведущим симптомом чаще выступает компрессия окружающих структур с пульсирующим шумом в ушах. Все параганглиомы следует рассматривать как потенциально злокачественные, что определяет необходимость длительного наблюдения. Диагностический алгоритм должен быть комплексным и последовательно включать детальный клинический анализ, обязательное проведение магнитно-резонансной томографии с контрастным усилением, а при подозрении на параганглиому – также биохимический скрининг и молекулярно-генетическое исследование. Ключевым условием преодоления диагностических трудностей и обеспечения раннего распознавания является повышение осведомленности неврологов о полиморфизме клинической картины. Необходимы активное включение данных нозологий в дифференциально-диагностический ряд и своевременное применение расширенного инструментального обследования для организации адекватного лечения.

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