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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2026-16-2-86-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ РАЗБОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Independent coexistence of diseases in neurogenetics: case reports and literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Независимое сочетание болезней в нейрогенетике: клинические наблюдения и обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-9367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenskaya</surname><given-names>Galina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденская</surname><given-names>Галина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-7041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучина</surname><given-names>Анна С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuchina@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-836X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Евгения А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>evmel88@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-4835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharkova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаркова</surname><given-names>Инна В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sharkova.inna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-4518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagornova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагорнова</surname><given-names>Татьяна С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>t.korotkaya90@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-2877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Musatova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусатова</surname><given-names>Виктория В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shkarupo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-1477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chausova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаусова</surname><given-names>Полина А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zay85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-8137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Анна А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna_stepanova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-1775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bostanova</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бостанова</surname><given-names>Фатима М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bostanova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-2805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dadali</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дадали</surname><given-names>Елена Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>genclinic@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5946-4577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессонова</surname><given-names>Людмила А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bessonovala@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-8595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>Дарья М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>guseva@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1290-574X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabudskaya</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забудская</surname><given-names>Ксения Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zabudskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-9016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solodovnikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солодовникова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>solodovnikova@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchagina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щагина</surname><given-names>Ольга А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>schagina@dnalab.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-7378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murtazina</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муртазина</surname><given-names>Айсылу Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aysylumurtazina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-9093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkova</surname><given-names>Oksana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкова</surname><given-names>Оксана П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ryzhkova@dnalab.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Rudenskaya G.E., Kuchina A.S., Melnik E.A., Sharkova I.V., Nagornova T.S., Musatova V.V., Chausova P.A., Stepanova A.A., Bostanova F.M., Dadali E.L., Bessonova L.A., Guseva D.M., Zabudskaya K.G., Solodovnikova E.N., Shchagina O.A., Murtazina A.F., Ryzhkova O.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Руденская Г.Е., Кучина А.С., Мельник Е.А., Шаркова И.В., Нагорнова Т.С., Мусатова В.В., Чаусова П.А., Степанова А.А., Бостанова Ф.М., Дадали Е.Л., Бессонова Л.А., Гусева Д.М., Забудская К.Г., Солодовникова Е.Н., Щагина О.А., Муртазина А.Ф., Рыжкова О.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rudenskaya G.E., Kuchina A.S., Melnik E.A., Sharkova I.V., Nagornova T.S., Musatova V.V., Chausova P.A., Stepanova A.A., Bostanova F.M., Dadali E.L., Bessonova L.A., Guseva D.M., Zabudskaya K.G., Solodovnikova E.N., Shchagina O.A., Murtazina A.F., Ryzhkova O.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Руденская Г.Е., Кучина А.С., Мельник Е.А., Шаркова И.В., Нагорнова Т.С., Мусатова В.В., Чаусова П.А., Степанова А.А., Бостанова Ф.М., Дадали Е.Л., Бессонова Л.А., Гусева Д.М., Забудская К.Г., Солодовникова Е.Н., Щагина О.А., Муртазина А.Ф., Рыжкова О.П.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/692">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/692</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Combined hereditary pathology (“double trouble”) in a patient and/or family, previously considered a rarity, is being identified increasingly often due to the development of modern genetic diagnostic methods. We describe 13 patients from 12 families with two hereditary diseases of the nervous system, verified by DNA analysis. The spectrum of diseases includes 23 nosological forms, including a number of rare ones. The cases differ in their diagnostic pathways (clinical diagnoses of two diseases and their laboratory confirmation; an unusual clinical presentation of the first disease followed by a targeted search for the second; unexpected findings during molecular genetic testing) and DNA analysis methods (massive parallel sequencing: panel, whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing; targeted methods: sequencing of individual genes and testing for common pathogenic variants; molecular cytogenetic methods). Among the identified gene variants, 8 have not been previously described. The cases are discussed in comparison with literature data on neurogenetic “double troubles”.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Сочетанная наследственная патология (“double trouble”) у пациента и/или в семье, считавшаяся большой редкостью, с развитием современных методов генетической диагностики выявляется все чаще. Описаны 13 пациентов из 12 семей с 2 наследственными болезнями нервной системы, верифицированными ДНК-анализом. В спектре болезней 23 нозологические формы, включая ряд редких. Случаи различаются по диагностическому пути (клинические диагнозы 2 болезней и их лабораторное подтверждение; необычная картина первой болезни и целенаправленный поиск второй; неожиданные находки при молекулярно-генетическом обследовании) и методам ДНК-анализа (высокопроизводительное параллельное секвенирование: панельное, полноэкзомное, полногеномное; таргетные методы: секвенирование отдельных генов, поиск частых патогенных вариантов; молекулярно-цитогенетические методы). В числе найденных вариантов генов 8 ранее не описанных. Случаи обсуждаются в сопоставлении с литературой, посвященной нейрогенетическим “double troubles”.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hereditary nervous disease</kwd><kwd>coexistence</kwd><kwd>“double trouble”</kwd><kwd>massive parallel sequencing</kwd><kwd>targeted DNA test</kwd><kwd>diagnostic search</kwd><kwd>unexpected finding</kwd><kwd>novel gene variants</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственная болезнь нервной системы</kwd><kwd>сочетание</kwd><kwd>“double trouble”</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительное параллельное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>таргетная ДНК-диагностика</kwd><kwd>диагностический поиск</kwd><kwd>неожиданная находка</kwd><kwd>новые варианты генов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for Research Centre for Medical Genetics.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. 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