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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Neuromuscular Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нервно-мышечные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-8721</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-0443</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">708</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-8721-2026-16-2-81-85</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On the 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the discovery by Russian scientists of periodic phenomena and the phase activity of eye movements during sleep</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К 100-летию открытия российскими учеными периодических явлений и фазовой активности движений глаз во время сна</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-4733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinkin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинкин</surname><given-names>Александр Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>akalinkin@somnolog.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University Clinic, Medical Scientific and Educational Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетская клиника Медицинского научно-образовательного института ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-08"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kalinkin A.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Калинкин А.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinkin A.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калинкин А.Л.</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/708">https://nmb.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/708</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For many decades, E. Aserinsky and N. Kleitman were considered to be the discoverers of the REM phase of sleep (the “rapid eye movements” sleep phase), who published the results of their research in 1953. However, 70 years later, this fact was questioned, as it was discovered an article published in 1926, in which Russian scientists M.P. Denisova and N.L. Figurin for the first time in the world, not only very detailed descriptions of observations were presented, but also the results of recording respiratory rate, eye and eyelid movements, and general motor activity in the form of a graph (kimogram) in infants of different ages. The authors noted the age-related dynamics of the processes occurring during sleep, dividing them into three periods: first – from birth to 1–2 months, second – from 1–2 months to 2 years, and third – from 2 years. The authors considered the second period, “with its wave-like pattern of sleep”, to be the most interesting “in terms of analysis”, as it most vividly reflected the dynamics of physiological processes during sleep.</p> <p>The discovery by Denisova and Figurin in 1926 of periodic processes during sleep, including the phase activity of eye movements with a period of about 50 minutes, respiration and general motor activity leaves no doubt about the priority of Russian scientists in detecting the “rapid eye movements” sleep phase (REM sleep) and crowns all the main stages of the development of Russian sleep research on at the global level, from the first scientific work in the world history in the field of sleep research, published by Prof. M.M. Manaseina in 1892 up to I.N. Pigarev’s visceral theory of sleep.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В течение многих десятилетий первооткрывателями REM-фазы сна (фазы быстрых движений глаз) считались Е. Асеринский и Н. Клейтман, которые опубликовали результаты своих исследований в 1953 г. Однако через 70 лет указанный факт подвергся сомнению, так как была обнаружена статья 1926 г., в которой российские ученые М.П. Денисова и Н.Л. Фигурин впервые в мире представили не только исчерпывающие наблюдения, но и результаты регистрации частоты дыхания, движения глаз и век, общей двигательной активности в виде графика (кимограммы) у детей разного возраста. Авторы отметили возрастную динамичность процессов, происходящих во время сна, разбив их на 3 периода: 1-й – от рождения до 1–2 мес, 2-й – от 1–2 мес до 2 лет и 3-й – от 2 лет. Наиболее интересным «в смысле анализа» авторам представлялся 2-й период «с волнообразной картиной сна», который наиболее ярко отражал динамичность физиологических процессов во время сна.</p> <p>Открытие в 1926 г. Денисовой и Фигуриным периодических процессов во время сна, включая фазовую активность движений глаз с периодом около 50 мин, дыхания и общей двигательной активности не оставляет сомнений в приоритете российских ученых в обнаружении фазы сна быстрых движений глаз (REM sleep) и венчает все основные этапы развития российской сомнологии на мировом уровне: от первого в мировой истории научного труда в области науки о сне, опубликованного проф. М.М. Манасеиной в 1892 г., до висцеральной теории сна И.Н. Пигарева.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sleep</kwd><kwd>stages of sleep</kwd><kwd>rapid eye movements sleep phase</kwd><kwd>infants</kwd><kwd>respiration</kwd><kwd>kymogram</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сон</kwd><kwd>стадии сна</kwd><kwd>фаза быстрых движений глаз</kwd><kwd>младенцы</kwd><kwd>дыхание</kwd><kwd>кимограмма</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Stigler S.M. Stigler’s law of eponymy. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 1980;39(1 Series II):147–57. DOI: 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1980.tb02775.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Aserinsky E., Kleitman N. Eye movements during sleep. Fed Proc 1953;12(6).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Aserinsky E., Kleitman N. Regularly occurring periods of eye motility, and concomitant phenomena, during sleep. 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